Spine 101

Question 1

The spine is responsible for?

Answer 1

• protecting nerve roots, spinal cord, organs
• flexibility and motion
• structural support and balance

Question 2

List the 6 degrees of motion

Answer 2

1) extension
2) flexion
3) left bend
4) right bend
5) left rotation
6) left rotation

Question 3

The spine must be both _____ and _____

Answer 3

Resistant and elastic

Question 4

What are the weight bearing parts of the spinal column?

Answer 4

Vertebral bodies

Question 5

Normal lumbar lordosis

Answer 5

30-60

Question 6

What makes up the motion segment?

Answer 6

Intervertebral discs and facet joints

Question 7

Side view: the body’s line of gravity runs from:

Answer 7

Auricle of ear to head of femur

Question 8

Normal cervical lordosis degrees

Answer 8

20-40

Question 9

Outer shell of vertebra is made of ______ and accounts for ____% skeletal mass

Answer 9

Cortical bone, 80%

Question 10

Inside if vertebra is made of ______ and accounts for ___% of skeletal mass

Answer 10

Cancellous, 20%

Question 11

The anterior arch and posterior arch form the _____

Answer 11

Vertebral Formen

Question 12

2 layers of the end olate

Answer 12

Cartilage external layer and body internal layer

Question 13

2 function of end plates

Answer 13

Provide nutrition to avascular disc and growth ring

Question 14

What is the Zygopophyseal joint?

Answer 14

Superior processes join with inferior processes

Question 15

Normal thoracic kyphosis

Answer 15

20-40

Question 16

What is the apophysesl ring

Answer 16

Ring of cortical bone surrounding vertebral body, fixation point

Question 17

Number the different spine regions

Answer 17

C1-7
T1-12
L1-5
Sacral

Question 18

The ______ acts as a pivot point for the rotation of the atlas

Answer 18

The axis

Question 19

Projection of bone from body of axis is:

Answer 19

Odontoid process/the dens - looks like thumb

Question 20

Which vertebra has the vertebra prominens

Answer 20

C7

Question 21

What shape are the vertebral bodies in thoracic region

Answer 21

Heart shaped

Question 22

Which vertebra are the junctional vertebrae

Answer 22

C6-T2 & T11-L2

Question 23

What makes the spine stiff and stable

Answer 23

The presence of rib cage

Question 24

Describe shape of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 24

Large and kidney shaped

Question 25

Describe lumbar vertebral foramen shape

Answer 25

Wide and triangular

Question 26

The nerve roots occupy what % of intervertebral foramina in lumbar region

Answer 26

33%

Question 27

What degrees is the sacral tilt

Answer 27

30-60

Question 28

Which pedicles are generally used for screw fixation

Answer 28

The alae

Question 29

Largest avascular structure

Answer 29

Intervertebral discs

Question 30

What makes annulus fibrosus

Answer 30

Makes up outer part of disc: h20 and proteoglycans

Question 31

What are the collagen fibres that make up the annulus fibrosus called

Answer 31

Lamellae

Question 32

Two main functions of intervertebral disc

Answer 32

Motion and shock absorbing

Question 33

How do discs receive nutrition

Answer 33

By diffusion through vertebral body and end plates diffuse into nucleus and annulus fibrosus

Question 34

2 bony prominences at base of skull are called

Answer 34

Occipital condyles

Question 35

Where does the spinal cord exit the skull

Answer 35

Foramen magnum

Question 36

What is another name for the Atlanta-occipital joint?

Answer 36

Occipitocervical joint

Question 37

The articulation between C1 and C2 is called

Answer 37

Zygopophyseal joint