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Semester 5 PMNM Exam 8 > Spinal Orthotics > Flashcards

Spinal Orthotics Flashcards

1
Q

Kinesthetic reminder

A

Often a reminder not to do something

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2
Q

Increase intracavitary pressure

A

Like vasalva - turns torso into something more rigid

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3
Q

Effects of spinal orthosis wear - positive - trunk support

A

Intracavitary pressure - inc intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure with subsequent reduction in force on the spine
3 point force systems

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4
Q

Effects of spinal orthosis wear - positive - motion control

A

Mechanical 3 point force systems - stabilize spine between end points
Psychological restraint of gross trunk movement - kinesthetic reminder

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5
Q

Effects of spinal orthosis wear - positive - spinal realignment

A

3 point pressure system - designed to shift forces from weak area to more normal segments
Stimulation of mm action patterns in withdrawing from an uncomfortable pressure point

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6
Q

Effects of spinal orthosis wear - negative

A

Weakness and atrophy following reduced demands
Tightness and/or contracture
Psychological dependence

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7
Q

Spondylolysis

A

Fracture of pars articularis

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8
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Anterior migration of one vertebral body on another

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9
Q

Metal spinal orthoses - advantages to metal

A

Cooler
Weight
Adjustable

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10
Q

Metal spinal orthoses - disadvantages

A

Cosmesis
Control
Areas of high pressure

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11
Q

Off the shelf orthoses - Function

A 
Stable fractures
Post surgery
Chronic pathology
Comfort
Activity related 
They are often highly adjustable
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12
Q

Off the shelf orthoses - usually determined by

A

circumferences

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13
Q

Total contact spinal systems - components

A 
Leather/Metal
Kydex 
Polyethylene
MPE (modified)
Copolymer
Polypropylene
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14
Q

Total contact spinal systems - Biomechanical principle

A 
Multiple 3 point pressure system
Modified end point control
Total contact 
Kinesthetic reminder 
Inc intraabdominal pressure
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15
Q

Total contact spinal system - Pathology

A 
Post surgical 
Kyphosis
Spondylosis
Spondylolisthesis
Arthritis
Scoliosis
Burst fx
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16
Q

Sacral Orthoses (SO) - Function

A

Provide stability to SIJ
Encompasses only sacral spine
Reduce inflammation
Post pregnancy, skeletal weakness, chronic ligament laxity

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17
Q

Corsets - Materials

A

Canvas
Cotton mesh
Elastic mesh

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18
Q

Corsets - Closures

A

Snap
Hook and eye
Hook and loop pull straps
Velcro

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19
Q

Corsets - Biomechanical principles

A

Total contact
Kinesthetic reminder
Inc intracavitary pressure

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20
Q

Corsets - Pathology

A

Mm strain
Post surgical
Low back pain
Maternity

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21
Q

Lumbosacral orthoses (LSO)

A

L2/3 and inferior

Controls motion in sagittal and coronal plane

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22
Q

Lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) - where does it fit from

A

Snug around torso from xiphoid to pubis anteriorly

Post from inf angle of scapulua to sacrococcygeal junction

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23
Q

Lumbosacral orthoses (LSO) - L5/S1 anomaly that looks like it is displaced - what will you incorporate

A

For low lumbar stability may add a hip spica to control the pelvis

24
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal Control LSO - Chairback LSO - Biomechanical principles

A

3 point pressure system
Kinesthetic reminder
Inc intracavitary pressure

25
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal Control LSO - Chairback LSO - Pathologies

A

Low back pain
Discogenic pathologies
Post surgical

26
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal Control LSO

A

Chairback LSO

27
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal/Coronal Control LSO

A

Knight LSO - has the lateral stabilizer contributing to coronal control

28
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal/Coronal Control LSO - Knight LSO - Biomechanical principles

A

3 point pressure
Kinesthetic reminder
Inc intracavitary pressure

29
Q

Metal Spinal Orthoses - Sagittal/Coronal Control LSO - Knight LSO - pathologies

A

Low back pain
Discogenic pathologies
Post surgical

30
Q

Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis (TLSO)

A

Triplanar control of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae

31
Q

TLSO - Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis - where does it go from

A

Sternal notch to pubis anteriorly

Spine of scapula to sacrococcygeal juntion posteriorly

32
Q

Metal spinal orthoses - anterior control TLSO

A

Jewett and CASH

CASH = cruciform anterior spinal hyperextension

33
Q

Metal spinal orthoses - anterior control TLSO - Jewett and CASH - biomechanical principles

A

3 point pressure

kinesthetic reminder

34
Q

Metal spinal orthoses - anterior control TLSO - Jewett and CASH - pathologies

A

anterior compression
fracture
(creates a hyperextension moment)

35
Q

Metal spine orthoses - sagittal control TLSO

A

Taylor TLSO

36
Q

Metal spine orthoses - sagittal control TLSO - Taylor TLSO - Biomechanical principles

A

3 point pressure

Kinesthetic reminder

37
Q

Metal spine orthoses - sagittal control TLSO - Taylor TLSO - Pathologies

A

Osteoporosis

Arthritis

38
Q

Metal spine orthoses - sagittal control TLSO - Taylor TLSO - helps with what

A

Can help give the extension moment as well

Helps only with sagittal control

39
Q

Metal spine orthoses - sagittal/coronal TLSO

A

Knight Taylor TLSO

Provides the lateral (coronal) control

40
Q

Scoliosis - TLSO

What is scoliosis

A

Twisting (rotation) of the spine
Posterior hump formation
Quantified by Cobb angle

41
Q

Scoliosis - TLSO - pathology/etiology

A

Can be familial
More common in F
Usually appears in late childhood/early teen

42
Q

Scoliosis - TLSO - causes

A

Polio or muscular imbalance

MOST are idiopathic

43
Q

Scoliosis - TLSO - tx

A

Curves less than 20 usually stable and can be monitored with xray
Bracing should start as soon as curve reaches 24 degrees or more
Even with bracing, at least half of curves progress and require surgery

44
Q

Scoliosis Bracing

A

3 point pressure system

Concept is dynamic correction to stabilize and reduce the curve

45
Q

Schroth method

A

Postural and breathing and over corrective postural things to help conservatively with scoliosis

46
Q

Scoliosis bracing - purpose

A

To correct curvature of spine from idiopathc scoliosis
Apply pressure at apex of curves and reliefs to pull into
Must have necessary musculature to pull away from pressure areas

47
Q

CTLSO

A

Cervical orthosis attached to a total contact TLSO

Custom

48
Q

Cervical collar - soft collar

A

Soft foam
Usually OTS
Mild cervical support

49
Q

Cervical collar - soft collar - mild cervical support for what

A

Kinesthetic reminder
Cervical disk disease
Torticollis (SCM)
Mino ligamentous or muscular injuries, neck sprains or stiff neck

50
Q

Cervical collar - semi rigid

A 
Foam with a rigid outer shell
Post surgical cervical support
Neck support resulting from trauma 
Increased AP and ML control
Dec rotation
Post halo cervical support
51
Q

CTO

A

Rigid C collar attached to a thoracic vest
Inc cervical stabilization
Stable cervical fx
Gets upper thoracic and cervical

52
Q

Halo

A

100% immobilization to upper thoracic and cervical
Provide triplanar motion control of cervical
May also be attached to a CTLSO
Unstable cervical fractures

53
Q

Wear and Care

A

Wear orthosis over a tight cotton undershirt
Properly place orthosis on body with waist groove on proper spot
TIGHTEN straps!
Underwear and pants are worn OVER the orthosis for ease of toileting
Orthosis cleaned with warm water and mild soap
Ask physician for recommendations for wear while showering

54
Q

Spinal orthosis problems

A 
Hot
Comfortable
Rides up
Tight
Obese
Bed positioning
55
Q

Spinal orthosis - 3 Ps

A

Positioning
Pressure (tight)
Patience

Semester 5 PMNM Exam 8 (8 decks)

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