Spinal Orthoses

Question 1

Soft Cervical Orthosis

“Step-down”, kinesthic reminder:

Answer 1

Foam Collar

Minor strains, sprains

Question 2

Elastic LSO is used for:

Answer 2

Pain relief; indirect spinal unloading by increased intr-abdominal pressure.

Worn low to encompass: ASIS & abdomen.

Question 3

Soft garments & supports:

Answer 3

Maternity LSO
Sacroiliac corset (pelvis only)

Question 4

Hypermobility of Sacroiliac joints is treated with:

Answer 4

Sacroiliac corset

Slighly increaes abdominal pressure

Question 5

Name types/brands of semi-rigid cervical collars:

Answer 5

1. Malibu
2. Philadelphia
3. Aspen Vista

Ant & posterior plastic reinforcement

Question 6

What is a CTO?

Answer 6

Cervicothoracic Orthosis

Eg. Extended Philadelphia Collar (semi-rigid)

Question 7

Semi-rigid spinal orthoses:

Answer 7

Lumbosacral corset (spasms, back pain)
Dorsolumbar corset

Question 8

Rigid Cervical Orthosis

What is a poster brace?

Answer 8

Connection to the torso by two or four metal struts

Question 9

Rigid CTO

What is SOMI?

Answer 9

Sternal Occipital Mandibular Immobilizer

Can be donned in supine position

Doesn’t control cervical extension; better restriction of mid/lower cervical spine motion compared to cervical collar.

Question 10

Examples of CTO (rigid):

Answer 10

Miami JTO
Minerva

Immobilization following trauma.

Question 11

Rigid CTO

What are the indications for Minerva CTO?

Lerman Minerva

Answer 11

1. C3-T2 stable fractures
2. Muscular/ligamentous injury
3. Degenerative joint disease
4. Cervical pain/nerve impingement

Question 12

List the rigid metal LSOs:

Answer 12

1. Chairback
2. Knight
3. Williams
4. Cowhorn

Question 13

Rigid Metal LSO

L3-L4 Disc herniation is treated with:

Also: Post-laminectomy surgery at L3

Answer 13

Chairback

Pelvic & Thoracic Bands, Paraspinal uprights

(2x) Three point pressure system

Question 14

What metal LSO reduces gross motion in the sagittal plane, and has 2x 3-pt pressure system?

Answer 14

Chairback; worn w/anterior corset panel.

Prevents flexion and extension.

Question 15

Reduction of gross motion in sagittal & coronal planes:

Answer 15

Knight (low back pain, lumbar fractures)

Pelvic & thoracic bands, paraspinal & lateral uprights.

(4x) 3-point pressure systems

Question 16

**Extension-coronal **control is done by:

Answer 16

Williams LSO

Tx: spondylolisthesis, kyphosis + lordosis

Question 17

Which metal LSO has dynamic control, allowing flexion?

Answer 17

Williams

Pelvic + thoracic bands, lateral + oblique uprights

Decribed as: rigid orthosis that prevents extension; decreases lordosis

Question 18

What is the purpose of the uprights in Williams LSO?

Answer 18

Oblique: provide structural support
Lateral: not fixed to pelvic band

Both: control mechanism

Question 19

Which metal LSO provides triplanar control?

Answer 19

Cowhorn

Pelvic + thoracic bands; lat, paraspinal + extended lat uprights; ICpads

Provides triplanar control through pressure on the clavicle.

Question 20

Rigid Metal LSO

Cowhorn is similar to what device in its control mechanism?

Answer 20

Kyphologic device;

Cowhorn controls rotation + kyphosis/flexion

Question 21

TLSO w/gross motion control in sagittal plane & (2x) 3pt pressure system:

Answer 21

Taylor TLSO

Pelvic + interscapular bands, paraspinal uprights + axillary straps

Flexion + extension;

Question 22

What are the indications for Taylor TLSO?

Answer 22

1. Kyphosis
2. Flexion compression fracture at T10
3. Osteoporosis

Question 23

What TLSO reduces motion in sagittal & coronal planes?

Answer 23

Knight Taylor

Same as Taylor, + thoracic band + lateral uprights

(4x) 3pt pressure systems

Question 24

Examples of pre-fab TLSOs:

Answer 24

1. Orthomerica TLSO
2. Anterior Thoracic Extension (ATE)
3. Aspen