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Anatomy > Spinal Meninges > Flashcards

Spinal Meninges Flashcards

1
Q

Part of skull where dura mater is fused with endosteum

A

Base of skull around foramen magnum

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2
Q

Distal to the foramen magnum, within the vertebral column, the ____ is distinct from the tissues that line the vertebral canal

A

Dura mater

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3
Q

Separates dura mater from tissues that line vertebral canal

A

Epidural space

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4
Q

Forms a tube whose upper end is attached to the edge of the foramen magnum

A

Spinal dura mater

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5
Q

To what vertebral bodies does the spinal dura mater attach to?

A

Posterior surfaces of 2nd and 3rd cervical vertebral bodies

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6
Q

Bands that attach dural tube to posterior longitudinal ligament, especially towards caudal end

A

Fibrous bands

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7
Q

At what part of the vertebral column does the dural tube narrow

A

Lower border of second sacral vertebra

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8
Q

The fusion of what structures closes the epidural space above

A

Spinal dura with edge of foramen magnum

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9
Q

Epidural space is closed below by what ligament?

A

Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament that closes sacral hiatus

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10
Q

These connect the theca with the lining tissue of the vertebral canal which are best developed anteriorly and laterally

A

Meningovertebral ligaments (fine fibrous bands)

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11
Q

These tether the nerve root sheaths within their canals

A

Meningovertebral ligaments

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12
Q

At what levels is there a midline attachment from the posterior spinal dura to the ligamentum nuchae?

A

Atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial levels

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13
Q

Consists of longitudinally arranged chains of vessels connected by circumdural venous rungs

A

Venous plexus

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14
Q

Anterior veins receive the?

A

Basivertebral veins

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15
Q

True or False: The shape of the space within each spinal segment is uniform

A

False

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16
Q

Segmental pattern is ______ repeated

A

Metamerically

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17
Q

At what region of the spinal cord is the is the dura mater apposes to the walls of the vertebral canal

A

Lumbar region

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18
Q

True or False: Adipose tissue is present in the epidural space.

If true, where?

A

Present posteriorly in recesses between the ligamentum flavum and the dura

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19
Q

Root sheaths are partially tethered to walls of the foramina through?

A

Meningovertebral ligaments

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20
Q

Paravertebral spaces of each side communicate via the? What level?

A

Epidural space - lumbar levels

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21
Q

Potential space in the NORMAL spine because the arachnoid and dura are closely apposed

A

Subdural space

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22
Q

It does not connect with the subarachnoid space but continues for a short distance along the cranial and spinal nerves

A

Subdural space

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23
Q

Injection of fluid to the subdural space may cause?

A

Direct toxic effects

Compression of vasculature

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24
Q

Surrounds the spinal cord and continuous with the cranial arachnoid mater

A

Spinal arachnoid mater

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25
Q

Closely applied to the deep aspect of the dura mater

A

Arachnoid mater

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26
Q

Site where arachnoid space is reflected on to the surface

A

Where vessels and nerves enter subarachnoid space

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27
Q

Name of cells formed by the reflection of arachnoid mater at the entry of vessels and nerves to the subarachnoid space

A

Leptomeningeal cells

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28
Q

Angle formed as nerves pass through the dura into the intervertebral foramina

A

Subarachnoid angle

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29
Q

Layers of leptomeninges

A

Arachnoid and pia

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30
Q

Point where leptomeningeal layers fuse and become continuous with the perineurium

A

Subarachnoid angle

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31
Q

Closely invests the surface of the spinal cord and passes into the ventral median fissure

A

Spinal pia mater

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32
Q

This layer of the subpial space is thicker than it is in the cerebral region

A

Subpial collagenous layer

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33
Q

The subpial collagenous later is continuous with the collagenous core of?

A

Ligamentum denticulatum (denticulate ligament)

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34
Q

It is a flat, fibrous sheet on either side of the spinal cord between ventral and dorsal spinal roots

A

Ligamentum denticulatum

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35
Q

The medial border of the ligamentum denticulatum is continuous with the?

A

Subpial connective tissue of the spinal cord

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36
Q

The lateral border of Ligamentum denticulatum forms a series of ______, the apices of which are fixes at the intervals of the dura mater

A

Triangular processes

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37
Q

The first lugamentum denticulatum crosses behind which artery, where it is attached to the dura mater?

A

Vertebral artery

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38
Q

The vertebral artery separates the ligamentum denticulatum from the?

A

First cervical ventral root

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39
Q

Site of attachment of ligamentum denticulatum to the dura mater

A

Above the rim of the foramen magnum

Behind hypoglossal nerve

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40
Q

What nerve ascends on the posterior aspect of the ligamentum denticulatum?

A

Accessory nerve

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41
Q

Last of the dentate ligaments lies between what spinal nerves?

A

Exiting 12th thoracic and 1st lumbar spinal nerves

42
Q

A narrow oblique band that descends laterally from the conus medullaris

A

Dentate ligaments (last parts)

43
Q

Beyond conus medullaris, pia mater continues as

A

Coating of the filum terminale

44
Q

This layer is concentrated in the dorsal and ventral regions and forms a highly perforated, lace-like structure that is focally compacted to form dorsal, dorsolateral, and ventral ligaments of the spinal cord

A

Intermediate later

45
Q

Dorsally, the intermediate layer is adherent to the

A

Deep aspect of arachnoid mater

46
Q

The ____ forms a series of discontinuous dorsal ligaments that attach the spinal cord to the _____.

A

Intermediate layer

Arachnoid

47
Q

These ligaments are more delicate and fenestrated (compared to dorsal ligaments), and they extend from the dorsal roots to the parietal arachnoid

A

Dorsolateral ligaments

48
Q

The intermediate layer spreads laterally over the ——— then becomes increasingly perforated and eventually disappears

A

Dorsal surface of dorsal roots

49
Q

At what aspect of the spinal cord is intermediate layer less substantial?

A

Ventral aspect

50
Q

True or False: ventral aspect has a similar arrangement of intermediate layer with the dorsal aspect

A

True

51
Q

It is structurally similar to the trabeculae that cross the cranial subarachnoid space (has a collagenous core coated by leptomeningeal cells)

A

Intermediate layer

52
Q

May act as a baffle within the subarachnoid space to dampen waves of CSF movement in vertebral canal

A

Intermediate layers of leptomeninges

53
Q

Inflammation within spinal subarachnoid space may result in

A

Extensive fibrosis within intermediate layer

Complications of chronic arachnoiditis

54
Q

Each root pierces the dura separately taking a sleeve of what meningeal layer

A

Arachnoid

55
Q

Dural sheaths of the spinal nerves fuse with the ____ within or slightly beyond the intervertebral foramina

A

Epineurium

56
Q

True or False: The arachnoid prolongations within the nerve sheaths extend as far as distally as their dural coverings.

A

False

57
Q

True or False: The subarachnoid space and the CSF contained within arachnoid prolongations extend distally to form root sleeve for each nerve

A

True

58
Q

Shortening or obstruction of root sleeve indicates

A

Compression of the spinal nerve

59
Q

At what level of the spinal column are the nerves short and the vertebral movement greatest?

A

Cervical level

60
Q

At what level of the spinal cord are the dural sheaths tethered to the periosteum off the adjacent transverse processes

A

Cervical level

61
Q

At what region of the spinal column is less tethering of the dura to the periosteum

A

Lumbosacral region

62
Q

True or False: There may be an attachment anteriorly to the facet joint capsule of the dura to the periosteum at the lumbosacral region

A

False - POSTERIORLY

63
Q

Composed mainly of tough fibrous tissue with some elastic fibers

A

Spinal dura mater

64
Q

Outermost covering of the spinal cord

A

Dura mater

65
Q

Separates the spinal dura mater from the periosteum and ligaments covering vertebral canal

A

Epidural space

66
Q

This space is occupied by the internal vertebral venous plexus embedded in a fatty matrix (epidural fat)

A

Epidural space

67
Q

Epidural space terminates superiorly at and laterally at?

A

Foramen magnum

IV foramina

68
Q

A long tubular sheath within vertebral canal

A

Spinal dural sac

69
Q

Adheres to the margin of the foramen magnum of the cranium and continuous with the same cranial layer

A

Spinal dural sac

70
Q

The spinal epidural sac is anchored inferiorly to the coccyx by

A

Filum terminale externum (coccygeal ligament)

71
Q

What evaginates the spinal dural sac

A

Pair of posterior and anterior roots

72
Q

Tapering lateral extensions of the spinal dura surrounding each pair of posterior and anterior nerve roots

A

Dural root sheaths

73
Q

Dural root sheaths blend with epineurium DISTAL or PROXIMAL to spinal ganglia

A

DISTAL

74
Q

What innervates the spinal dura mater

A

Recurrent meningeal nerves

75
Q

Recurrent meningeal nerves are - sympa or parasympa? Afferent or efferent?

They are —— receptors.

A

Sympathetic

Afferent

Pain receptors

76
Q

A delicate membrane composed of fibrous and elastic tissue

A

Spinal arachnoid mater

77
Q

Spinal arachnoid mater is:

Vascular or Avascular

A

Avascular

78
Q

Lines the spinal dural sac and its dural root sheaths

A

Spinal arachnoid mater

79
Q

Encloses the CSF-filled subarachnoid space containing spinal nerve roots and spinal ganglia

A

Spinal arachnoid mater

80
Q

True or False: The spinal arachnoid is attached to the spinal dura

A

FALSE -not attached

81
Q

What keeps spinal arachnoid mater attached to spinal dura

A

Pressure of the CSF

82
Q

Apposition of dura and arachnoid

A

Dura-arachnoid interface (often erroneously referred to as subdural space)

83
Q

True or False: There is no space at the dura-arachnoid interface, rather it is a weak cell layer

A

True

84
Q

What separates the spinal arachnoid from the pia mater on the surface of the spinal cord

A

Subarachnoid space

85
Q

Delicate strands of connective tissue that span the subarachnoid space connecting the spinal arachnoid and pia

A

Arachnoid trabeculae

86
Q

Innermost covering membrane of the spinal cord

A

Spinal pia mater

87
Q

Think and translucent and closely follows all the surface features of the spinal cord

A

Spinal pia mater

88
Q

Directly covers roots of the spinal nerves and BVs

A

Spinal pia mater

89
Q

Spinal cord is suspended in the dural sac by

A

Filum terminale

Right and left denticulate ligaments

90
Q

These fibers run longitudinally along each side of the spinal cord

A

Denticulate ligaments

91
Q

Consists of fibrous sheet of pia mater extending midway between posterior and anterior nerve roots from the lateral surfaces of the spinal cord

A

Denticulate ligaments

92
Q

How many processes of denticulate ligaments are there?

A

20-22

93
Q

These attach to the inner surface of the arachnoid-lined dural sac

A

Denticulate ligaments processes

94
Q

The most superior process of the denticulate ligament attaches to the cranial dura immediately superior to the

A

foramen magnum

95
Q

Inferior process of denticulate ligament extends from —— between what nerve roots?

A

Conus medullaris

T12 and L1

96
Q

Located between arachnoid and pia mater

A

Subarachnoid space

97
Q

True or False: The subdural space is filled with CSF

A

False - It is the subarachnoid space

98
Q

Enlargement of the subarachnoid space in the dural sac caudal to the conus medullaris and containing CSF and the CAUDA EQUINA

A

Lumbar cistern

99
Q

Extends from L2 vertebra to the second segment of the sacrum

A

Subarachnoid space

100
Q

Naturally occurring space between arachnoid and pia mater

A

Subarachnoid (leptomeningeal)

101
Q

Contents of subarachnoid space

A

CSF; radicular, segmental, medullary, spinal arteries, veins, arachnoid trabeculae

102
Q

Contents of epidural space

A

Fat (loose CT), internal vertebral venous plexus, inferior to L2 vertebra, ensheathes roots of spinal nerves

Anatomy (6 decks)

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