Spinal Levels Flashcards
In an L1 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Hip flexors (psoas and sartorius)
In an L2 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Strong hip flexors, moderate hip adductors (gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus)
In an L3 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Moderate knee extension (quads),
In an L4 SCI, what most distal muscles groups/action remain?
Strong knee extension (quads), foot DF and inversion (anterior tibialis)
In an L5 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
DF and toe extension (extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus), hip abduction (glut med)
In an S1 SCI, what distal most muscle group/action remain?
Active PF (gastroc/soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus), hip extension (glut max)
In a thoracic level SCI, what is the typical LE function presentation?
No LE function, poor seated support due to weak abdominal muscles.
In a thoracic level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?
RGO with walker
Wheelchair
In an L1 or L2 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?
RGO with walker/crutches
HKAFO
KAFO
In an L4, or L5 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?
AFO
In a C1, C2 or C3 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Sternocleidomastoid, upper trap, legatos scapulae (neck control, limited shoulder movements)
In a C4 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Diaphragm (breathing), trapezius (shoulder shrug)
In a C5 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Deltoid, rotator cuff (shoulder control), biceps brachii (elbow flexion), supinator (forearm supination)
In a C6 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (wrist extension), pronates teres (forearm pronation), pectoralis major (increased shoulder control)
In a C7 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Triceps, latissimus dorsi(elbow extension), pectoralis major, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis, flexor carpi radialis (wrist flexion, and finger flexion/extension)
In a T1 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?
Interossei (MP flexion), lumbricals (finger abd and add), thenar and hypothenar eminances (thumb movements).
In an L3 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?
KAFO
AFO (depends on quad strength)
In a T1 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?
Short opponens
In a C7 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?
Wrist driven tenodesis
MP finger flexion/extension orthosis
Short opponens
In a C6 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?
WRIST DRIVEN TENODESIS
In a C4 or C5 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?
Mobile arm support
Powered tenodesis
Long opponens
In a C1, C2 or C3 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?
Long opponens
At what spinal level is a Jefferson fracture located?
C1/atlas
What is a common cause of a Jefferson fracture?
Axial loading (diving into a pool)
At what spinal level is a Hangman’s fracture located?
C2/axis
A traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 with neural arch damage is what type of fracture?
Hangman’s fracture
At what spinal level is an odontoid fracture located?
The dens of the C2 vertebra
Clay Shovelers fracture typically occurs at what range of spinal levels?
C6-C7
A spinus process avulsion between shoulder blades, with an audible “pop”, is what type of fracture
Clay Shovelers
Chance fracture typically occurs at what range of spinal levels?
T12-L2
What type of fracture occurs due to extreme and violent flexion, resulting in the vertebra splitting from superior to inferior?
Chance fracture
At what spinal level does the cauda equina begin?
L2
A Boston Brace (low profile TLSO) is able to treat a thoracic curve up to what vertebral apex?
T6
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of C1 and T9?
CTO
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of C3 and C6?
CO
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of T4-T6?
CTO
CTLSO
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of T7 - L2?
TLSO
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of L1 and L3?
LSO
What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of L4 to S1?
LSO with hip spica
What type of orthosis is typically used for Jefferons and Hangman’s fractures?
HALO
CTO (rigid)
CO (rigid)
What type of orthosis is typical used for a Clay Shovelers fracture?
Semi-rigid CO
What type of orthosis is typical used for a Chance fracture?
Custom hyperextension TLSO
What pathology is a Taylor TLSO typically used to treat?
Hyperkyphosis
What pathology is a Williams Flexion LSO typically used to treat?
Spondylolisthesis
What spinal columns (anterior, middle or posterior) are affected in a burst fracture?
Anterior and middle
What spinal columns (anterior, middle or posterior) are affected in a compression fracture?
Anterior
.
Taylor TLSO
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Knight-taylor TLSO
.
Knight LSO
.
Chair back LSO
.
Williams Flexion LSO
