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O Written & Written Sim > Spinal Levels > Flashcards

Spinal Levels Flashcards

1
Q

In an L1 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Hip flexors (psoas and sartorius)

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2
Q

In an L2 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Strong hip flexors, moderate hip adductors (gracilis, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus)

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3
Q

In an L3 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Moderate knee extension (quads),

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4
Q

In an L4 SCI, what most distal muscles groups/action remain?

A

Strong knee extension (quads), foot DF and inversion (anterior tibialis)

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5
Q

In an L5 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

DF and toe extension (extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus), hip abduction (glut med)

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6
Q

In an S1 SCI, what distal most muscle group/action remain?

A

Active PF (gastroc/soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus), hip extension (glut max)

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7
Q

In a thoracic level SCI, what is the typical LE function presentation?

A

No LE function, poor seated support due to weak abdominal muscles.

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8
Q

In a thoracic level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?

A

RGO with walker

Wheelchair

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9
Q

In an L1 or L2 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?

A

RGO with walker/crutches
HKAFO
KAFO

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10
Q

In an L4, or L5 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?

A

AFO

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11
Q

In a C1, C2 or C3 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, upper trap, legatos scapulae (neck control, limited shoulder movements)

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12
Q

In a C4 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Diaphragm (breathing), trapezius (shoulder shrug)

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13
Q

In a C5 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Deltoid, rotator cuff (shoulder control), biceps brachii (elbow flexion), supinator (forearm supination)

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14
Q

In a C6 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis (wrist extension), pronates teres (forearm pronation), pectoralis major (increased shoulder control)

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15
Q

In a C7 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Triceps, latissimus dorsi(elbow extension), pectoralis major, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis, flexor carpi radialis (wrist flexion, and finger flexion/extension)

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16
Q

In a T1 SCI, what most distal muscle group/action remain?

A

Interossei (MP flexion), lumbricals (finger abd and add), thenar and hypothenar eminances (thumb movements).

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17
Q

In an L3 level SCI, what is the typical orthotic intervention for ambulation?

A

KAFO

AFO (depends on quad strength)

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18
Q

In a T1 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?

A

Short opponens

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19
Q

In a C7 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?

A

Wrist driven tenodesis
MP finger flexion/extension orthosis
Short opponens

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20
Q

In a C6 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?

A

WRIST DRIVEN TENODESIS

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21
Q

In a C4 or C5 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?

A

Mobile arm support
Powered tenodesis
Long opponens

22
Q

In a C1, C2 or C3 level SCI, what is the typical UE orthotic intervention?

A

Long opponens

23
Q

At what spinal level is a Jefferson fracture located?

A

C1/atlas

24
Q

What is a common cause of a Jefferson fracture?

A

Axial loading (diving into a pool)

25
Q

At what spinal level is a Hangman’s fracture located?

A

C2/axis

26
Q

A traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2 with neural arch damage is what type of fracture?

A

Hangman’s fracture

27
Q

At what spinal level is an odontoid fracture located?

A

The dens of the C2 vertebra

28
Q

Clay Shovelers fracture typically occurs at what range of spinal levels?

A

C6-C7

29
Q

A spinus process avulsion between shoulder blades, with an audible “pop”, is what type of fracture

A

Clay Shovelers

30
Q

Chance fracture typically occurs at what range of spinal levels?

A

T12-L2

31
Q

What type of fracture occurs due to extreme and violent flexion, resulting in the vertebra splitting from superior to inferior?

A

Chance fracture

32
Q

At what spinal level does the cauda equina begin?

A

L2

33
Q

A Boston Brace (low profile TLSO) is able to treat a thoracic curve up to what vertebral apex?

A

T6

34
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of C1 and T9?

A

CTO

35
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of C3 and C6?

A

CO

36
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of T4-T6?

A

CTO

CTLSO

37
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of T7 - L2?

A

TLSO

38
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of L1 and L3?

A

LSO

39
Q

What type of orthosis should be used for spinal injuries between the levels of L4 to S1?

A

LSO with hip spica

40
Q

What type of orthosis is typically used for Jefferons and Hangman’s fractures?

A

HALO
CTO (rigid)
CO (rigid)

41
Q

What type of orthosis is typical used for a Clay Shovelers fracture?

A

Semi-rigid CO

42
Q

What type of orthosis is typical used for a Chance fracture?

A

Custom hyperextension TLSO

43
Q

What pathology is a Taylor TLSO typically used to treat?

A

Hyperkyphosis

44
Q

What pathology is a Williams Flexion LSO typically used to treat?

A

Spondylolisthesis

45
Q

What spinal columns (anterior, middle or posterior) are affected in a burst fracture?

A

Anterior and middle

46
Q

What spinal columns (anterior, middle or posterior) are affected in a compression fracture?

A

Anterior

47
Q

.

A

Taylor TLSO

48
Q

.

A

Knight-taylor TLSO

49
Q

.

A

Knight LSO

50
Q

.

A

Chair back LSO

51
Q

.

A

Williams Flexion LSO

O Written & Written Sim (11 decks)

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