Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal 2 DH > Spinal II > Flashcards

Spinal II Flashcards

1
Q

of vertebrae in typical adolescent?

A

33 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

of vertebrae in typical adult?

A

26 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

of vertebrae in typical spine?

A

24 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What constitutes the spine?

A

The 24 presacral segments; the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

of segments that unite to form the typical sacrum?

A

5 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

of segments that unite to form typical coccyx?

A

4 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which mammals have more than 7 cervical vertebrae?

A

The ant bear and three toed sloths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which mammals have less than 7 cervical vertebrae?

A

The manatee and two toed sloth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which mammals do not have 7 cervical vertebrae?

A

The two toed sloth, manatee, ant bear, and three toed sloth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the term “cervical” refer to?

A

The region of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the term “thoracic” refer to?

A

Breast plate or chest; it referred to the armor bearing region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What other term is often used to identify the vertebral segments of the chest?

A

The dorsal segments; the dorsals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Typical # of segments in the dorsal or thoracic region?

A

12 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the term “lumbar” refer to?

A

The loin; the region between the rib and the hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Typical number of segments in the lumbar region?

A

5 segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the term “sacrum” refer to?

A

The holy bone or holy region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the term “coccyx” refer to?

A

A cuckoo bird bill or cuckoo bird beak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Differences in the number and morphology of vertebrae within the population based on male and female variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Gender variation or sexual dimorphism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Differences in the number and morphology of vertebrae within the population based on age or developmental variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Ontogenetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Differences in the number and morphology of vertebrae within a population based on ethnicity or locational variation is identified as which type of variation?

A

Geographic or population based variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Differences in number or morphology of vertebrae within the population based on the variation between individuals is identified as which type of variation?

A

Idiosyncratic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which variations account for the disparity in number and morphology of vertebrae within the population?

A

Gender variation or sexual dimorphism, ontogenetic variation, geographic or population based variation, and idiosyncratic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the length of a typical male spinal column?

A

about 70 centimeters or 28 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the typical length of a female spinal column?

A

about 60 centimeters or 25 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the length of the male cervical region (both measurements)?

A

about 12 centimeters or 5 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the length of the male thoracic region (both measurements)?

A

about 28 centimeters or 11 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the length of the male lumbar region (both measurements)?

A

about 18 centimeters or 7 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the length of the male sacrum (both measurements)?

A

about 12 centimeters or 5 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Based on the numbers for individual regions of the vertebral column, what is the length of the male spine (both measurements)?

A

about 58 centimeters or 23 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How does the vertebral column participate in skeletal formation?

A

ribs are formed from the embryonic template

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What levels of the vertebral column specifically accommodate weight bearing transfer?

A

S1-S3 at the auricular surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Distinguish between motion and locomotion.

A

motion is movement without travel; locomotion is movement to a new site/location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What specifically is responsible for shape and position of the human frame?

A

heights of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How does the vertebral column accommodate transmission?

A

the peripheral nerves communicate with the central nerve system via the intervertebral foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What organ(s) are specifically associated with the horizontal axis of the skull?

A

the eye and the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How is the vertebral column involved in stabilization of visceral function?

A

integrity of the spinal column maintains integrity of the nerve system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the three basic osseous parts of a vertebra?

A

the vertebral body, vertebral arch, and the apophyseal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is formed by the vertebral body and the vertebral arch?

A

the vertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the general shape of the vertebral body at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - rectangular; thoracic - triangular; lumbar - reniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the name given to the compact bone at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body?

A

superior epiphyseal rim, inferior epiphyseal rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is the central region at the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body called?

A

cancellous or spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is the name given to the cartilage found at the superior and inferior surface of a developing vertebral body?

A

superior epiphyseal plate, inferior epiphyseal plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is the time of appearance of the ossification centers for the epiphyseal plate?

A

from 7-9 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Epiphyseal plate centers of ossification will unite at what age to form what feature?

A

about 12 years old, the epiphyseal ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the age and name given to the result of the union of the epiphyseal ring - vertebral body?

A

about 15 years old, the epiphyseal rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the ages of appearance and the events occurring at each step in the formation of bone at the superior and inferior surface of the vertebral body?

A

Age 7-9 years, appearance of epiphyseal plate centers of ossification
Age 12 years, formation of the epiphyseal ring
Age 15 years, formation of the epiphyseal rim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What are the names of the openings found around the margins of the vertebral body?

A

nutrient foramina or vascular foramina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What large opening is usually observed at the back of the vertebral body?

A

the basivertebral venous foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the name of the type of vessel entering the nutrient or vascular foramen?

A

osseous artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is the name given to the large vessel exiting the back of the vertebral body? 4.14

A

the basivertebral vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the semicircular region of the bone attached to the back of the vertebral body called? 4.15

A

the vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What is the name given to the anterior part of the vertebral arch? 4.16

A

the pedicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the name given to the posterior part of the vertebral arch? 4.17

A

the lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What is the name given to the intermediate part of the vertebral arch where the transverse process and articular processes attach? 4.18

A

the lamina - pedicle junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is the name given to the feature located at the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicle? 4.19

A

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure;

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is the genetic orientation of the pedicle at each region of the spine? 4.20

A

cervical - posterolateral
thoracic - posterior, slight lateral
lumbar - posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

All lamina are orientated in what direction? 4.21

A

posterior and median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What ligament will attach to the lamina? 5.22

A

the ligamentum flavum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is the name given to abnormal bone at the attachment site of the ligamentum flavum? 5.23

A

para-articular process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What classification of bone will para-articular processes represent? 5.24

A

accessory bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What is the name given to the overlap of laminae seen on X-ray? 5.25

A

shingling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What is the name given to the lamina-pedicle junction at each region of the spine?

A

cervical - articular pillar;

thoracic and lumbar - pars interarticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What is the name given to the junction of the vertebral arch-spinous process on later X-ray? 5.27

A

the spinolaminar junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

What is the name given to the tubular bone growth regions of the vertebral arch? 5.28

A

the apophyseal regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

What names may be given to each apophysis of the spine? 5.29

A

the transverse apophysis or transverse process; articular apophysis or articular process; spinous apophysis or spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

What is the generic orientation of the transverse process or transverse apophysis at each region of the spine? 5.30

A

cervical - anterolateral;
thoracic - posterolateral;
lumbar - lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

All non-rib-bearing vertebra of the spine retain what equivalent feature? 5.31

A

the costal element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the end of the transverse apophysis or transverse process? 5. 32

A

the transverse tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the cervical region? 5.33

A

cervical spinal nerves are pulled forward to form the cervical and brachial nerve plexuses thus remodeling the transverse process to accommodate their new position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What will cause the transverse process/transverse apophysis to alter its initial direction in the thoracic region? 5.34

A

the growth of the lungs remodel the shape of the ribs which in turn push the transverse processes backwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What will the articular process/articular apophysis support? 5.35

A

the articular facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

What is the name given to the joint formed by the articular facets of the vertebral couple? 5.36

A

the zygapophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the front of a zygapophysis? 5.37

A

the superior articular facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

What is the name given to the bone surface at the back of a zygapophysis? 6.38

A

the inferior articular facet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the front of the zygapophysis? 6.39

A

the superior articular apophysis, the superior articular process, or the pre-zygapophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

What names are given to the part of the vertebra which supports the back of the zygapophysis? 6.40

A

the inferior articular apophysis, the inferior articular process, or the post-zygapophysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

In the vertebral couple, the part of the vertebra which lies anterior to the zygapophysis is called? 6.41

A

pre-zygapohpysis

78
Q

In the vertebral couple, the art of the vertebra which lies posterior to the zygapophysis is called? 6.42

A

post-zygapohysis

79
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the pre-zygapophysis? 6.43

A

the superior articular process or superior articular apophysis

80
Q

What is the name given to the part of the vertebra forming the post-zygapophysis?

A

the inferior articular process or inferior articular apophysis

81
Q

What will form the posterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen? 6.45

A

the inferior articular process/post-zygapophysis, the superior articular process/pre-zygapophysis, the capsular ligament, and the ligamentum flavum

82
Q

What will form the superior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen? 6.46

A

the inferior vertebral notch or inferior vertebral incisure

83
Q

What will form the inferior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen? 6.47

A

the superior vertebral notch or superior vertebral incisure

84
Q

What will form the anterior boundary of a typical intervertebral foramen? 6.48

A

the vertebral body of the segment above, the vertebral body of the segment below, the intervertebral disk, and the posterior longitudinal ligament

85
Q

What is the method of calculating the angle of the spinous process/spinous apophysis? 6.49

A

calculate the angle formed between the undersurface of the spinous process/spinous apophysis and the horizontal plane

86
Q

What is the name given to the normal overlap of spinous processes or spinous apophysis as seen on X-ray? 6.50

A

imbrication

87
Q

What is the name given to the rounded elevation at the tip of the spinous process/spinous apophysis? 6.51

A

the spinous tubercle

88
Q

What is the orientation of the spinous process/spinous apophysis at each region of the spine? 6.52

A

cervical - slight angle inferiorly
thoracic - noticeable angle inferiorly
lumbar - no inferior angle

89
Q

What is the name given to the opening located within the vertebral body - vertebral arch enclosure? 7.1

A

the vertebral foramen

90
Q

What is the name given to the union of all vertebral foramina into an apparent vertical cylinder? 7.2

A

the vertebral canal or spinal canal

91
Q

What neural structures will occupy the vertebral foramen until the level of L2? 7.3

A

the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis, the proximal part of the peripheral nerve system, and the meninges

92
Q

What is the typical shape/outline of the vertebral foramen at each region of the spinal column/vertebral column? 7.4

A

cervical - triangular; thoracic - oval; lumbar - triangular; sacrum - triangular

93
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis. 7.5

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

94
Q

Identify the meninges of the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis and the commonly accepted meaning of each. 7.6

A

dura mater - tough mother; arachnoid mater - spider mother; pia mater - tender or delicate mother

95
Q

Name and locate each space formed between the osseous vertebral foramen and the spinal cord/spinal medulla/medulla spinalis. 7.7

A

epidural space - between the vertebral foramen and the dura mater
subdural space - between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space - between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

96
Q

What are the contents of the epidural space? 7.8

A

anterior and posterior spinal canal artery & plexus
anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
basivertebral vein
recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
Hoffmann ligaments
ligamentum flavum
posterior longitudinal ligament

97
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the vertebral body? 7.9

A

anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
anterior internal vertebral venous plexous
basivertebral vein
recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral, sinus vertebral nerve
posterior longitudinal ligament
Hoffmann ligaments

98
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space are more likely located near or around the posterior longitudinal ligament? 7.10

A

anterior spinal canal artery & plexus
anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
basivertebral vein
recurrent meningeal/sinu-vertebral/sinus vertebral nerve
Hoffmann ligaments

99
Q

Which of the contents of the epidural space will be found near the back of the vertebral arch? 8.11

A

posterior spinal canal artery & plexus
posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
ligamentum flavum

100
Q

What is the name given to the fluid within the subdural space? 8.12

A

serous fluid

101
Q

What is the name given to the fluid with the subarachnoid space? 8.13

A

cerebrospinal fluid

102
Q

What contents of the subarachnoid space are changed below the level C6? 8.15

A

the arterial vasa corona consists of 1 anterior spinal artery, 2 posterior spinal arteries and 3 communicating arteries

103
Q

What branch of the segmental artery supplies and paravertebral region? 8.16

A

dorsospinal artery

104
Q

Which artery is primarily observed in the distal part of the intervertebral foramen? 8.17

A

spinal artery

105
Q

What are the branches of the spinal artery? 8.18

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery, anterior medullary feeder arteries, posterior medullary feeder arteries, neural artery

106
Q

Which branches of the spinal artery are typically given off in the epidural space? 8.19

A

osseous arteries, anterior spinal canal artery, posterior spinal canal artery

107
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona above C3? 8.20

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 4 communicating arteries

108
Q

What forms the arterial vasa corona below C6? 8.21

A

a median anterior spinal artery, right and left posterior spinal arteries, and 3 communicating arteries

109
Q

What changes to the arterial vasa corona occur between C3 and C6? 8.22

A

right and left anterior spinal arteries fuse to become a single median anterior spinal artery, the right and left posterior spinal arteries are unchanged, and the 4 communicating arteries are reduced to 3 communicating arteries

110
Q

Which vessel will supply the ventral/anterior nerve rootlet? 9.23

A

anterior proximal radicular artery

111
Q

Which vessel will supply the majority of the ventral/anterior nerve root? 9.24

A

anterior distal radicular artery

112
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve rootlets? 9.25

A

posterior proximal radicular artery

113
Q

Which vessel will supply the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion? 9.26

A

posterior distal radicular artery

114
Q

Which vessel will supply the mixed spinal nerve? 9.27

A

neural artery

115
Q

What are the branches of the neural artery? 9.28

A

anterior distal radicular artery, posterior distal radicular artery

116
Q

What are the branches of the arterial vasa corona? 9.29

A

pial perforating arteries, central/ventral/sulcal perforating arteries, anterior proximal radicular arteries, posterior proximal radicular arteries

117
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply gray matter and most of the spinal cord? 9.30

A

ventral/central/sulcal perforating arteries

118
Q

What arterial vasa corona branches supply about one third of the spinal cord? 9.31

A

pial perforating arteries

119
Q

What is the primary artery supplementing the arterial vasa corona? 9.32

A

anterior medullary feeders and posterior medullary feeders

120
Q

What vessels drain the spinal cord? 9.33

A

pial veins

121
Q

What will pial veins drain into? 9.34

A

venous vasa corona

122
Q

Which vessels form the venous vasa corona? 9.35

A

right and left anterior longitudinal veins, right and left posterior longitudinal veins, and 4 communicating veins

123
Q

Which vessels will drain the venous vasa corona? 9.36

A

anterior medullary veins, posterior medullary veins

124
Q

Which vessels will drain the ventral/anterior nerve roots? 9.37

A

anterior radicular veins

125
Q

Which vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve roots? 9.38

A

posterior radicular veins

126
Q

What vessels will drain the dorsal/posterior nerve root ganglion? 9.39

A

posterior radicular veins

127
Q

What venous vessels are identified in the intervertebral foramen? 9.40

A

intervertebral veins

128
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the posterior longitudinal ligament? 10.41

A

anterior internal vertebral venous plexus, basivertebral ligament

129
Q

What veins are observed in the epidural space near the ligamentum flavum? 10.42

A

posterior internal vertebral venous plexus

130
Q

The continuation of pia mater below the conus medullaris is called? 10.1

A

filum terminale internum

131
Q

What is the location and name given to the area where all meninges first converge at the caudal part of the vertebral column? 10.2

A

typically S2, the dural cul de sac

132
Q

In horizontal view, what direction of the spinal cord tends to be largest? 10.3

A

transverse

133
Q

What are the spinal cord enlargement locations and the name given to each? 10.4

A

C3-T1, the cervical enlargement; T9-T12, the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement

134
Q

Where is the greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord? 10.5

A

C6

135
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement? 10.6

A

L1-S3 spinal nerves

136
Q

What is a generic cord level of origin - vertebral level combination for the lumbar/lumbosacral enlargement? 10.7

A

L1, L2 cord levels in T9 vertebra; L3, L4 cord levels in T10 vertebra;
L5, S1 cord levels in T11 vertebra; S2, S3 cord levels in T12 vertebra

137
Q

What is the caudal end of the spinal cord called? 10.8

A

conus medullaris

138
Q

What spinal nerves originate from the conus medullaris? 10.9

A

typically S4, S5, and Co1

139
Q

In which vertebral foramen will the conus medullaris typically observed? 10.10

A

L1

140
Q

The last arterial vasa corona creates what feature on angiogram? 10.11

A

cruciate anastomosis

141
Q

What is the name given to the nerve roots below L1? 10.12

A

cauda equina

142
Q

What is the name given to the condensation of meninges below S2? 10.13

A

filum terminale externum

143
Q

What is the name given to the caudal attachment of the meninges? 10.14

A

coccygeal medullary vestige

144
Q

What is the name given to the condition where the conus medullaris is located below L1 and the filum terminale is thickened? 11.15

A

tethered cord syndrome

145
Q

Which mammals have more than seven cervical vertebrae? 11.1

A

ant bear, three-toed sloth

146
Q

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertibrae? 11.2

A

two-toed sloth, manatee

147
Q

What is the number of vertebrae in the typical cervical spine? 11.3

A

seven segments

148
Q

Which vertebrae are typical cervicals? 11.4

A

C3-C6

149
Q

Which vertebrae are atypical cervicals? 11.5

A

C1, C2, C7

150
Q

What is the shape of the typical cervical vertebral body from the cranial view? 11.6

A

rectangular

151
Q

What is the appearance of the typical cervical vertebral body from the lateral view? 11.7

A

posterior height is greater than anterior height by a few millimeters

152
Q

What would be the direction of the cervical curve based on osseous features? 11.8

A

posterior/kyphotic

153
Q

What accounts for the direction of the typical cervical curve? 12.9

A

the intervertebral disc height

154
Q

What is the direction of the typical cervical curve? 12.10

A

anterior/lordotic

155
Q

At which vertebral couple will the cervical curve again increase intervertebral disc height? 12.11

A

C5/C6

156
Q

What is the effect of aging on the cervical vertebral body? 12.12

A

it diminishes the overall height of the vertebral body

157
Q

What are the modifications of the superior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical? 12.13

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right and left uncinate processes

158
Q

What are the names of the lateral modification of the superior epiphyseal rim? 12.14

A

uncinate process, unciform process, uncovertebral process, lateral lip or uncus

159
Q

What are the modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim of a typical cervical? 12.15

A

anterior lip, posterior lip, right and left lateral grooves

160
Q

What are the names given to the lateral modifications of the inferior epiphyseal rim? 12.16

A

lateral groove or enchancrure

161
Q

What is the joint classification for the anterior lip-anterior groove articulation? 12.17

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

162
Q

What is the joint classification for the posterior lip-posterior groove articulation? 12.18

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

163
Q

What is the joint classification for the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation? 12.19

A

modified diarthrosis sellar

164
Q

What is the joint classification for the spongy bone-intervertebral disc articulation? 12.20

A

amphiarthrosis symphysis

165
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the upper surface of a typical cervical vertebral body? 12.21

A

five

166
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the lower surface of a typical cervical vertebral body? 12.22

A

five

167
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical? 12.23

A

ten

168
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical? 12.24

A

four

169
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical? 12.25

A

anterior groove, posterior groove, right uncinate process, left uncinate process, spongy bone, anterior lip, posterior lip, right lateral groove, left lateral groove, spongy bone

170
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are present on the vertebral body of a typical cervical? 12.26

A

right and left uncinate process, right and left lateral groove

171
Q

What is the name given to the uncinate process-lateral groove articulation? 13.27

A

joint of Luschka or uncovertebral joint

172
Q

The joint of Luschka is formed from what surfaces? 13.28

A

the uncinate process and lateral groove?

173
Q

What muscle attaches to the typical cervical vertebral body? 13.29

A

the longus colli muscle

174
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of the pedicle of a typical cervical? 13.30

A

posterolateral, 45 degrees

175
Q

At what location on the vertebral body of a typical cervical will the pedicle attach? 13.31

A

to the side and in the center of the vertebral body

176
Q

What surface is located at the upper margin of the pedicle? 13.32

A

superior vertebral notch

177
Q

What surface feature is located at the lower margin of the pedicle? 13.33

A

inferior vertebral notch

178
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the superior vertebral notch of C5? 13.34

A

C5 spinal nerve

179
Q

Which spinal nerve will be accommodated on the inferior vertebral notch of C5? 13.35

A

C6 spinal nerve

180
Q

What is the direction of projection of the cervical lamina? 13.36

A

posteromedially

181
Q

What ligament attaches to the lamina of a typical cervical? 13.37

A

ligamentum flavum

182
Q

What joint classification will be associated with the ligamentum flavum and its attachment? 13.38

A

amphiarthrosis syndesmosis

183
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will result in what feature? 13.39

A

para-articular processes

184
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone? 13.40

A

accessory bone

185
Q

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone? 13.41

A

heterotopic bone

186
Q

What is the outline of the vertebral foramen of a typical cervical vertebra? 13.42

A

heart-shaped or triangular

187
Q

Which is the greatest diameter of the vertebral foramen of typical cervicals? 13.43

A

transverse

188
Q

What soft tissue diameter mimics the outline of the typical cervical vertebral foramen? 14.44

A

the transverse diameter of the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

189
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra at ____? 14.45

A

C6

190
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical cervical vertebral couple? 14.46

A

C5/C6

191
Q

What osseous parts from the typical cervical vertebra transverse process? 14.47

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

192
Q

List, in order, the osseous parts of the typical cervical vertebra transverse process beginning at the vertebral body.

A

costal element, anterior tubercle, costotransverse bar, posterior tubercle, true transverse process

Spinal 2 DH (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions