Spinal Cord Injury

Question 1

ASIA A

Answer 1

Complete injury–no sensory or motor at lowest sacral segment

Question 2

ASIA B

Answer 2

Sensory incomplete–has intact sensory sacral function

Question 3

ASIA C

Answer 3

Incomplete–has voluntary anal contraction OR sacral sensation w/ muscle contraction at least 3 levels below neurological level; for motor more than half of key muscles below neuro level are less than 3/5

Question 4

ASIA D

Answer 4

Incomplete–Motor preserved below neuro level and at least half of muscles below level are at least 3/5

Question 5

ASIA E

Answer 5

“normal”

Question 6

Zone of Partial Preservation

Answer 6

In a patient who is complete, any regions below neuro level with motor or sensory function

Question 7

Complete Injury

Answer 7

NO lower sacral segment function motor or sensory

Question 8

Incomplete Injury

Answer 8

Has some sacral segment function–either perianal sensation (S4/5), deep anal sensation, or voluntary anal contraction

Question 9

Brown Sequard Syndrome

Answer 9

hemicord lesion, will have motor loss and dorsal column loss ipsilaterally and ALS loss contralaterally
decreased reflexes
+ Babinski and clonus

Question 10

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 10

due to disc herniation, vertebral compression fracture and dislocation
will have loss of ALS and motor function
dorsal column functions intact because in posterior SC

Question 11

Posterior Cord Syndrome

Answer 11

loss of dorsal column function below level of injury
preserved motor and ALS function
wide BOS during gait

Question 12

Central Cord Syndrome

Answer 12

due to degenerative spinal cord narrowing or trauma
amount of tissue at lesion epicenter related to functional outcome
small lesion- only ALS loss of arms
large lesion- lose motor, ALS, dorsal column

Question 13

Spinal Shock

Answer 13

happens regardless of injury location
arreflexia, initial flaccidity, loss of sensation below lesion
decreased BP due to decreased sympathetic tone
lasts hours to weeks

Question 14

Neurogenic Shock

Answer 14

hypotension, bradycardia, hypothermia
more common in lesions above T6 due to SNS outflow block
lasts months to years
recovery happens w/ ANS adaptation (neuroplasticity)

Question 15

Conus Medullaris lesions

Answer 15

lesion to the sacral cord
bladder and perineum paralysis
decreased lower extremity motor and sensation

Question 16

Cauda Equina injury

Answer 16

lumbosacral and coccygeal nerve roots
paralysis to glutes, hamstrings, gastroc
saddle paresthesia
arreflexive bladder
this is peripheral N lesion