Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Protective coverings of the spinal cord

A

The spinal cord is fragile so it’s protected by
•vertebra
•meninges
•cerebrospinal fluid

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2
Q

Spinal cord protection by the vertebra

A

Provides a boney covering

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3
Q

Spinal cord protection by the meninges

A
Bags of connective tissue containing blood vessels
3 types:
•Dura Mater- outermost layer 
•Arachnoid Mater- middle layer
•Pia Mater- innermost layer
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4
Q

Denticulate ligaments

A

Thickenings of the Pia mater that anchor the spinal nerve to the coccyx this is known as the filum terminale

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5
Q

Subarachnoid space

A

Located between the arachnoid and Pia mater.

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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6
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin and end

A

Starts: Medulla oblongata
• foreman magnum

Ends: 1st or 2nd lumbar vertebra
• conus medullaris

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7
Q

Cervical and lumbar enlargements

A

Innovation, meet up where arms and legs will be entering the spinal cord

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8
Q

Spinal cord functions

A

1) it processes reflexes
2) it is the site for integration nerve impulses that arise locally or are triggered by the periphery and brain
3) it is a conduction pathway for sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses to effectors

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9
Q

Cauda equina

A

Rootlets
Tall of the horse
Sends sensory and motor neurons to the lower limbs

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10
Q

Internal anatomy of the spinal cord:

A

Anterior median fissure
Posterior median sulcus
Both penetrate the white matter and divide it into right and left sides

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11
Q

Gray matter of the spinal cord

A

Contains the grey commissure with in the centre is the central canal which contains CSF
An area of integration; make decisions

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12
Q

Posterior horns

A

Receive sensory information

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13
Q

Anterior horns

A

Send motor information

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14
Q

White matter of the spinal cord

A

Information highways to and from brain into and out of spinal cord

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15
Q

Posterior columns

A

Carry sensory information up spinal cord to the brain; touch sensations

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16
Q

Anterior columns

A

Motor information down the spinal cord away from the brain

17
Q

Lateral columns

A

Sensory and motor, pain sensations

18
Q

Sensory tracts

A

Conduct nerve impulses toward the brain

19
Q

Motor tracts

A

Conduct impulses down the spinal cord

20
Q

Connection of spinal nerves

A

Spinal nerves connect the CNS to sensory receptors muscles glands and are part of the peripheral nervous system

21
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are down the spinal cord

A

31 pairs

22
Q

How are the 31 pairs of spinal nerves divided and named

A
8 pairs of cervical nerves 
12 pairs of thoracic nerves 
5 pairs of lumbar nerves 
5 pairs of sacral nerves 
1 pair of coccygeal nerves
23
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Carry both sensory and motor nerves. Right before it joins the spinal cord it splits the motor below and sensory above

24
Q

Roots

A

The two points of attachment that connect each spinal nerve to a segment of the spinal cord

25
Q

Posterior root

A

Carries sensory nerve fibres and conducts nerve impulses from the periphery into the spinal cord

26
Q

Anterior root

A

Contains motor neuron axons and conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery

27
Q

Posterior root ganglion

A

Bump with cell body

28
Q

Connective tissue covering spinal nerves

A

Endoneurium: covers a single axon
Perineurium: axons that are going to the same place are bundled in a fascicle which is covered by perineurium
Epineurium:covers a nerve (bundle of fascicles)