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Boards: Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the spinal cord derived from?

A

ectoderm via the neural tube

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2
Q

What trimester is when the neural tube forms and what deficiency is it due to?

A

1st trimester due to folic acid deficiency

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3
Q

What layer of the neural tube turns into white matter of the spinal cord?

A

Marginal layer

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4
Q

What layer of the neural tube turns into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) plates?

A

Mantle layer

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5
Q

What do the alar plates differentiate into?

A

sensory neurons in the dorsal horn of grey matter

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6
Q

What do the basal plates differentiate into?

A

motor neurons in the ventral horn of grey matter

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7
Q

What is the dilated end of the spinal cord called?

A

conus medullaris

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8
Q

What level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

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9
Q

What level does the dural sac end?

A

S2

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10
Q

What is a part of the Pia mater and extends from the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sac at S2?

A

Filum terminale internum

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11
Q

What is a part of the Pia mater and is covered by a thin layer of the dura and extends from S2 to the coccyx as the coccygeal ligament?

A

Filum terminale externum

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12
Q

How many segments is the spinal cord divided into?

A

31 segments

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13
Q

What cells lie in-between myelinated axons?

A

Glial cells

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14
Q

What kind of sense do dorsal columns sense (DCML)?

A

vibration, 2pt touch, joint position sense

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15
Q

Where do fibers from the lower limb synapse?

A

nucleus gracilis

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16
Q

Where do fibers from the upper limb synapse?

A

Cuneate nucleus

17
Q

Which tract of the anterolateral system carries pain and temperature?

A

lateral spinothalamic

18
Q

Which tract of the anterolateral system carries crude touch and pressure?

A

Ventral spinothalamic

19
Q

Which tract of the anterolateral system mediates autonomic responses to nociception?

A

Spinoreticular

20
Q

Which tract of the anterolateral system activates eye movements in response to tactile stimuli?

A

Spinotectal

21
Q

What descending tract’s function is voluntary movement of the muscles in the limbs?

A

Lateral corticospinal tract

22
Q

What descending tract’s function is voluntary movement of the muscles in the head, neck, and trunk?

A

Ventral corticospinal tract

23
Q

What descending tract’s function is in postural reflexes-neck muscles, extensors of back and legs?

A

vestibulospinal tract

24
Q

What descending tract’s function excites proximal flexors and inhibits extensors mainly in the upper limb?

A

Rubrospinal tract

25
Q

What descending tract’s function coordinates head and eye turning in response to light via superior colliculus?

A

Tectospinal tract

26
Q

What descending tract’s function inhibits nociception by releasing serotonin and acts on the C fibers?

A

Raphespinal tract

27
Q

What part of the grey matter is found only in the thoracic part of the spinal cord?

A

lateral horn

28
Q

Which lamina is the thin layer which lies beneath the dorsolateral fasciculus?

A

Lamina I

29
Q

Which lamina is made up of small neurons, contains high concentrations of Substance P, and is also known as Substantia Gelatinous of Rolando?

A

Lamina II

30
Q

Which laminae’s main input is from fibers that carry mechanoreceptors and light touch and are referred to as Nucleus Proprius?

A

Lamina III and IV

31
Q

Which lamina contains neurons that respond to both noxious and visceral afferent stimuli?

A

Lamina V

32
Q

Which lamina is the deepest layer of the dorsal horn and receives mechanical signals from the skin and joints?

A

Lamina VI

33
Q

Which lamina contains Clarke’s nucleus and the intermediolateral horn?

A

Lamina VII

34
Q

Which laminae contain alpha and gamma motor neuron groups in the ventral horn?

A

Lamina VIII and IX

35
Q

Which lamina is also known as the grey commissure surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord?

A

Lamina X

Boards: Spinal Anatomy (5 decks)

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