Spinal Cord

Question 1

Spinal cord

Answer 1

Highway for information integrates and processes information

31 different segments
Cervical (8)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)
Sacral (5)

Question 2

Spinal cord begins

Answer 2

Begins in foramen magnum C1 to L5

Question 3

Cervical enlargement

Answer 3

Nerves supply information from pectoral girdle and upper limbs

Question 4

Lumbosacral enlargement

Answer 4

Nerves supply information of pelvis and lower limbs

Question 5

Conus medullaris

Answer 5

Spinal cord tappers into conical tip right below lumbosacral enlargement. End of spinal cord.

Question 6

Filum terminate

Answer 6

Ligament runs from conus medullaris to tip of coccygeal region. Provide longitudinal support to spinal cord. Part of coccygeal ligament

Question 7

Spinal cord info

Answer 7

Going down spinal cord the larger the gray matter becomes compared to the white matter.

Sensory info arrives- Posterior - dorsal root- sensory nerve - AFFERENT

Motor info exits- Anterior - ventral root - motor nerve - EFFERENT

Question 8

Posterior median sulcus

Answer 8

Posterior part of spinal cord

Question 9

Anterior median fissure

Answer 9

Anterior part of spinal cord

Question 10

Dorsal root ganglion

Answer 10

Enlargement in dorsal root. Contains a lot of cell bodies of neurons. Glial cells= satellite cells

Question 11

Spinal nerves

Answer 11

Contains both Afferent and efferent fibers

Mixed spinal nerves

Question 12

Meninges

Answer 12

Absorb shock, maintains physical ability, protects spinal cord and brain

Question 13

3 layers of meninges and spaces

Answer 13

1) dura mater- outermost layer. Toughest membrane layer.
2) arachnoid mater- middle membrane.
3) pia mater- delicate membrane hugging spinal cord and brain

Subdural space- space between dura mater and arachnoid mater

Subarachnoid space- space between arachnoid mater and pia mater. Contains CSF

Question 14

Denticulate ligament

Answer 14

Extension of the spinal cord. Connect pia mater to arachnoid mater to dura mater. Provide stability of spinal cord, hold in place

Question 15

Plexuses

Answer 15

Branches of nerves coming off spinal cord

Question 16

Connective tissue layers

Answer 16

• endoneurium- outer layer
• perineurium- middle layer. Around 1 fascicle
• epineurium- inner layer. Around bundles of fascicles

Question 17

Anatomy of spinal cord

Gray matter

Answer 17

1) posterior median sulcus
2) anterior median fissure
3) gray matter (dark brown, H figure)
4) white matter (light brown)
5) central canal- opening in middle of gray matter CSF passes through
6) posterior & anterior gray commissure- next to central canal. Contains nerves from one side to the other.
7) posterior gray horn- arriving sensory to dorsal root somatic and visceral and sensory
8) lateral gray horn- between T1 -L2 only visceral
9) anterior gray horn- exiting motor to ventral root somatic

Question 18

Anatomy of spinal cord

White matter

Answer 18

1) posterior white column- left posterior side
2) lateral white column- left side
3) anterior white column- left anterior side
4) dorsal ramus- located posterior
5) ventral ramus- located anterior

Question 19

Rules

Sensory information arrives to dorsal horn goes through dorsal root ganglion and exits 
👇🏻
visceral to anterior horn 
Or
Somatic to lateral horn

Answer 19

Sensory = posterior = dorsal root

Motor = anterior = ventral root

Motor exits ventral root
Sensory arrives dorsal root

Visceral motor exits anterior horn ( ventral root) to organs

Somatic motor exits lateral horn (dorsal root) to skeletal muscles

Question 20

CNS consists of?

Answer 20

Spinal cord and brain