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Stacy Anatomy Exam 1 > Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral spaces does the cervical plexus roots come from?

A

C1-C4

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2
Q

What vertebral spaces do the brachial plexus roots arise from?

A

C5-T1

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3
Q

What vertebral spaces do the lumbar plexus roots arise from?

A

L1-L4

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4
Q

What vertebral spaces do the sacral plexus roots arise from?

A

L4-S4

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5
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

An enlargement in the spinal cord that corresponds with the attachments of large nerves which supply the upper limbs.
C4-T1

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6
Q

Lumbar enlargement or lumbosacral enlargement

A

widened area of the spinal cord that gives attachment to the nerves which supply lower limbs.
T11-S1

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7
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

A

C1-C7 (The nerves are correspond to the vertebral process below them)

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8
Q

How many vertebral processes are in the thoracic region?

A

T1-T12

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9
Q

How many vertebral process are there in the lumbar region?

A

L1-L5

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10
Q

How many vertebral processes are there in the sacral region?

A

S1-S5

Then the coccygeal nerve

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11
Q

At what level in the spine is the conus medullaris?

A

L1-L2

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12
Q

What are the two structural divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous system which consists of the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain.

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13
Q

What germ layer does the spinal cord develop from?

A

The spinal cord develops from the ectoderm as the neural plate forms a neural groove and then later breaks off forming a neural tube.

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14
Q

dorsal plate or alar plate

A

dorsal horn
associated with sensory (afferent) signaling
posterior side of spinal cord.

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15
Q

ventral plate or basal plate

A

ventral horn
associated with motor (efferent) signaling
On front side of spinal cord.

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16
Q

what is the posterior median sulcus?

A

A groove in the posterior side of the spinal cord that separates the right and left white matter

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17
Q

What is the anterior median fissure?

A

This is a groove in the ventral (front) side of the spinal cord.

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18
Q

What are the types of sensory?

A

1) Exteroception: feeling pain and know what hurts and why it hurts. Example: perception of heat, light, and sound.
2) Interoception: feeling pain but not sure what is wrong (causes referred pain). Examples: hunger, thirst, sickness, heart rate.
3) Proprioception: help body understand where it is in space. Also, it lets us know how far we have stretched out muscles and is aka kinesthetic sense.

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19
Q

dermatome

A

An area of skin innervated by the sensory fibers of a single nerve root.

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20
Q

Myotome

A

A group of muscles that is primarily innervated by the motor fibers of a single nerve root.

21
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Immediately deep to Dura Mater…

Weblike structure that creates spinal fluid

22
Q

Meningeal coverings of the spinal cord

A

From lateral to medial

1) Dura Mater
2) Arachnoid Mater
3) Pia Mater

23
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough covering over the entire spinal cord

24
Q

Pia Mater

A

Deep to Arachnoid Mater…
2 Types:
1)Denticulate Ligaments: Lateral projections of pia mater that anchor spinal cord in dural sac
2)Filum Terminalis: Inferior projection of pia mater off tip of spinal cord into sacral canal. Gives longitudinal support to the spinal cord.

25
Q

Arrange the following terms in order from spinal column to periphery

1) Spinal Nerve Root
2) Rootlet
3) Spinal Cord Root

A

Rootlet—> Spinal Cord Root —> Spinal Nerve Root

2->3->1

26
Q

Definition of Ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies outside CNS

27
Q

Anterior/ Posterior Rami

A

Branches of the Spinal Nerve Root that lead to periphery…
Anterior Rami- large and make up spinal nerve plexuses (hypaxial innervations)
Posterior Rami - small and limited in region they innervate (epaxial innervations).

28
Q

Cauda Equina

A

“Horses Tail”

Nerve roots coming off end of spinal cord

29
Q

How many nerves are there in each vertebral section?

A 
C1-C8
T1-T12
L1-L5
S1-S5
Co-1 (Coccygeal)
30
Q

What is the difference between a spinal cord root and a spinal nerve root?

A

Spinal cord roots are either sensory or motor modality

Spinal nerve roots have all modalities

31
Q

Where are the nerves located in relation to the vertebrae?

A

In the cervical region, the nerves are above the corresponding vertebrae… (There are C1-C8 nerves but only C1-C7 vertebral processes).
In all other regions, the nerves are below the corresponding vertebrae.

32
Q

Subdural Space

A

Space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater.

33
Q

Epidural Space

A

Space between the vertebral bone and dura mater (contains fat)

34
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Space between arachnoid mater and pia mater. This space contains CSF.

35
Q

Put these structures in order progressing to the periphery:

1) spinal ganglion
4) anterior/posterior rami
2) paravertebral ganglia/sympathetic trunk (exclusive to sympathetic nerves)
3) posterior/anterior roots

A

posterior/anterior roots –>
spinal ganglion–>
paravertebral ganglia/sympathetic trunk (exclusive to sympathetic nerves)–>
anterior/posterior rami

3->1->2->4

36
Q

Name and describe where the 3 spaces of the vertebral column:

A
  1. Epidural space: between the dura mater and the bony process of the vertebrae (fatty tissue)
  2. Subdural space: space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
  3. Subarachnoid space: space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater. This is where CSF is located
37
Q

True or False. The anterior root moves through the spinal ganglia with the posterior root.

A

False. The anterior root is motor (efferent) signaling and does not need to synapse within the spinal ganglia like the posterior root. The posterior root carries (afferent) sensory signaling and synapses within the ganglia.

38
Q

What types of nerves originate from the lateral gray column (lateral horns)?

A

Autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

39
Q

What makes up gray matter?

A

Cell bodies

40
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

They link the communication between the sensory and motor neurons. Thus, they are located in the gray matter in between the dorsal and ventral horns.

41
Q

What forms white matter?

A

myelinated axons form white matter.

42
Q

Where are is the somatic sensory (somatosensory) column found within the spinal cord?

A

In the posterior horn

43
Q

Where is the visceral sensory column found in the spinal column?

A

immediately dorsal to the posterior horn, between the somatic sensory and visceral motor.

44
Q

Where is the visceral motor (sympathetic) column found in the spinal cord?

A

Found immediately dorsal to the somatic motor column, between the somatic motor and the visceral sensory.

45
Q

Where is the somatic motor (somatomotor) column found in the spinal cord?

A

The somatomotor column is found in the anterior horn.

46
Q

What does the posterior (dorsal) ramus innervate?

A

muscles and blood vessels of the back (posterior/dorsal surface of the trunk)

47
Q

What does the ventral ramus innervate?

A

Ventral rami innervate the muscles and blood vessels of the anterolateral aspects of the body wall.

48
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31

Stacy Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

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