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Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Anatomy Review for Boards > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Review for Boards Flashcards

1
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral Hemisphere

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2
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and Hypothalamus

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3
Q

Mesenscephalon

A

Midbrain

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4
Q

Metaencephalon

A

Pons and cerebellum

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5
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medula oblongata

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6
Q

Basal Ganglion

A

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidua, subthalamic nuclei, substantia nigra

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7
Q

Red Nucleus

A

in the mid brain

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8
Q

cervical spinal cord

A

oval shaped foramen, enlarged ventral horn (grey matter) large amount of white relative to grey matter, dorsal intermediate sulcus

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9
Q

Thoracic spinal cord

A

lateral horn present, narrow dorsal and ventral horns, large amount of white mater relative to grey mater, dorsal intermediate sulcus is present

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10
Q

Lumbar spinal cord

A

Round, large dorsal and ventral horns, almost equal amounts of white and grey mater

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11
Q

Sacral Spinal cord

A

round to square, dorsal and ventral horns less distinguished, form and oval mass. small amount of white relative to grey mater

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12
Q

Central Grey Mater of the spinal cord

A

butterfly shaped, unmyelinated axons, neuroglia and capillaries

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13
Q

Dorsal Column Ascending Tracts

A

fasciculus gracilis, Fasciculus cuneatus

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14
Q

Lateral Column Ascending Tracts

A

dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts and dorsal aspect of the anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract)

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15
Q

ventral Column Ascending tracts

A

ventral part of the Anterolateral system and the spinoolivary tract

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16
Q

Dorsal Column Descending Tracts

A

Fasciculus interfascicularis, Fasciculus septomarginalis

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17
Q

lateral Column descending tracts

A

Raphespinal tract, Lateral corticospinal tract, rubrospinal tract

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18
Q

Ventral column descending tracts

A

Ventral corticospinal tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus, tectospinal tract, pontine medullary reticulospinal tract, lateral vestibulospinal tract.

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19
Q

DCML

A

Light touch, proprioception, vibration

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20
Q

Ventral Spinothalamic Tract

A

some light touch and pressure

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21
Q

Lateral Spinothalamic tract

A

pain and temperature

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22
Q

paleospinal tract

A

subdivision of the lateral spinothalamic tract that carries slow pain fibers (type C)

23
Q

Tectospinal tract

A

superior colliculus

24
Q

Rubrospinal tract

A

red nucleus

25
Q

Reticulospinal tract

A

medullary and pontine reticular formation

26
Q

Vestibulospinal tract

A

lateral vestibular nucleus

27
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

A

medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes, sensation to lower extremty

28
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

lateral aspect of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, motor speech and involuntary muscles

29
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

occipital lobe, inferior temporal lobe, vision

30
Q

Path of the vertebral arteries

A

ascend from subclavian veins through the TF of C6 - C1 around the posterior arch, through the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and into the foramen magnum

31
Q

branches of the vertebral arteries

A

anterior spinal artery and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries before they unite to form the basilar artery.

32
Q

Path of the Basilar artery

A

ascends the clivis

33
Q

branches of the Basilar artery

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery, labrynthine arteries, pontine arteries, and superior cerebellar artery before it divides into the posterior cerebral artery

34
Q

Path of the internal carotid artery

A

ascends up through the cavernous sinus and carotid canal

35
Q

Branches of the internal carotid artery

A

ophthalmic artery before joining the posterior communicating arteries and dividing into middle and anterior cerebral arteries

36
Q

Anterior Communicating Artery

A

closes the circle of willis and unites the left and right anterior cerebral arteries

37
Q

Superior Sagittal Sinus

A

drains into the confluence of sinuses

38
Q

Inferior saggital signus

A

unites w/ the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus. Drains into the confluence of sinuses

39
Q

Occipital sinus

A

drains into the confluence of sinus along w/ the inferior saggital sinus and superior saggital sinus

40
Q

Confluence of Sinuses

A

drains into 2 transverse sinuses, unites with superior petrosal sinus to form the sigmoid sinus

41
Q

Sigmoid sinus

A

unites w/ the inferior petrosal sinus to form the Internal jugular vein

42
Q

Parasympathetic Efferent Signals

A

Come from cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X

43
Q

Olfactory (CN I)

A

travels through the cribiform plate, originates in the nasal mucosa and olfactory epithelium, ganglia are located in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, and it terminates in the lateral olfactory stria to primary olfactory cortex (B34) and amygdala. Functions in smell

44
Q

Optic (CN II)

A

travels through the optic canal, originates in the ganglion cells of the retina, terminates in the geniculocalcerine tract to visual cortex (B17). It’s ganglia is located in the lateral geniculate body

45
Q

Oculomotor (CN III)

A

travels through the superior orbital fissure, originates in both the endanger westphal nucleus (parasympathetic) and the Oculomotor nucleus of rostral midbrain. Ganglion are located in the ciliary ganglia and they terminate at the sphincter muscles of the iris and cilliary muscles (parasympathetic) and levator palpebral superioris, superior, middle and inferior rectus and inferior oblique.

46
Q

Trochlear (CN IV)

A

functions in moving the eye, originates in the contralateral trochlear nucleus of the caudal midbrain, decussates in the midbrain, and terminates in the superior oblique and exits at the posterior brainstem

47
Q

Abducens (CN VI)

A

moves the eye, originates in the abducens nucleus in the dorsomedial tegmentum of caudal pons, the ganglia are located in the corticospinal tract and pontine cistern, and it terminates in the lateral rectus muscle.

48
Q

Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal (CN V1)

A

travels through the superior orbital fissure, function is pain and temperature, originates in the face, eyeball and upper nasal cavity, ganglia is trigeminal ganglia, terminates in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and decussates in the contralateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus (VPM)

49
Q

Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2)

A

travels through the foramen rotundum, function is pain and temperature, originates in the face, upper teeth, lower nasal cavity and palate, Trigeminal ganglia.

50
Q

Mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)

A

travels through the foramen ovale, function is pain and temperature as well as motor to the muscles of mastication, originates in the motor trigeminal nucleus, trigeminal ganglia. Terminates in the temporalis, masseter, media and lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, Tensor veli palitini, and tensor tympani

51
Q

Facial (CN VII)

A

Function is parasympathetic, sensory, taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and facial muscles, travels through the internal auditory meatus, originates in the superior salivatory nucleus, posterior surface of the ear, soft palate, taste buds in to the chordae tympani nerve and fascial nucleus, pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia, and the geniculate ganglia. Terminates in the lacrimal gland, sublingual and submandibular gland, spinal trigeminal tract & nucleus, solitary tract & nucleus, and stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and muscles of facial expression

52
Q

Vestibular (CN VIII)

A

travels through internal auditory meatus, functions in equilibrium, originates in the hair cells of the crista of the semicircular canals, and utricle & saccule, vestibular ganglia in the fundus of the IAM, temerminates in the vestibular nuclei of brainstem & glocculonodular lobe of cerebellum

53
Q

Cochlear (CN VIII)

A

function in hearing, orginates in the hair cells of organ of corti, spiral cochlear gangli in cochlea, terminates in the dosal and ventral cochlear nuclei or brainstem

Spinal Anatomy (1 decks)

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