Spinal Anatomy Review for Boards Flashcards
Telencephalon
Cerebral Hemisphere
Diencephalon
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Mesenscephalon
Midbrain
Metaencephalon
Pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon
Medula oblongata
Basal Ganglion
caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidua, subthalamic nuclei, substantia nigra
Red Nucleus
in the mid brain
cervical spinal cord
oval shaped foramen, enlarged ventral horn (grey matter) large amount of white relative to grey matter, dorsal intermediate sulcus
Thoracic spinal cord
lateral horn present, narrow dorsal and ventral horns, large amount of white mater relative to grey mater, dorsal intermediate sulcus is present
Lumbar spinal cord
Round, large dorsal and ventral horns, almost equal amounts of white and grey mater
Sacral Spinal cord
round to square, dorsal and ventral horns less distinguished, form and oval mass. small amount of white relative to grey mater
Central Grey Mater of the spinal cord
butterfly shaped, unmyelinated axons, neuroglia and capillaries
Dorsal Column Ascending Tracts
fasciculus gracilis, Fasciculus cuneatus
Lateral Column Ascending Tracts
dorsal and ventral spinocerebellar tracts and dorsal aspect of the anterolateral system (spinothalamic tract)
ventral Column Ascending tracts
ventral part of the Anterolateral system and the spinoolivary tract
Dorsal Column Descending Tracts
Fasciculus interfascicularis, Fasciculus septomarginalis
lateral Column descending tracts
Raphespinal tract, Lateral corticospinal tract, rubrospinal tract
Ventral column descending tracts
Ventral corticospinal tract, medial longitudinal fasciculus, tectospinal tract, pontine medullary reticulospinal tract, lateral vestibulospinal tract.
DCML
Light touch, proprioception, vibration
Ventral Spinothalamic Tract
some light touch and pressure
Lateral Spinothalamic tract
pain and temperature
paleospinal tract
subdivision of the lateral spinothalamic tract that carries slow pain fibers (type C)
Tectospinal tract
superior colliculus
Rubrospinal tract
red nucleus
Reticulospinal tract
medullary and pontine reticular formation
Vestibulospinal tract
lateral vestibular nucleus
Anterior cerebral artery
medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes, sensation to lower extremty
Middle cerebral artery
lateral aspect of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, motor speech and involuntary muscles
Posterior cerebral artery
occipital lobe, inferior temporal lobe, vision
Path of the vertebral arteries
ascend from subclavian veins through the TF of C6 - C1 around the posterior arch, through the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and into the foramen magnum
branches of the vertebral arteries
anterior spinal artery and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries before they unite to form the basilar artery.
Path of the Basilar artery
ascends the clivis
branches of the Basilar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery, labrynthine arteries, pontine arteries, and superior cerebellar artery before it divides into the posterior cerebral artery
Path of the internal carotid artery
ascends up through the cavernous sinus and carotid canal
Branches of the internal carotid artery
ophthalmic artery before joining the posterior communicating arteries and dividing into middle and anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior Communicating Artery
closes the circle of willis and unites the left and right anterior cerebral arteries
Superior Sagittal Sinus
drains into the confluence of sinuses
Inferior saggital signus
unites w/ the great cerebral vein to form the straight sinus. Drains into the confluence of sinuses
Occipital sinus
drains into the confluence of sinus along w/ the inferior saggital sinus and superior saggital sinus
Confluence of Sinuses
drains into 2 transverse sinuses, unites with superior petrosal sinus to form the sigmoid sinus
Sigmoid sinus
unites w/ the inferior petrosal sinus to form the Internal jugular vein
Parasympathetic Efferent Signals
Come from cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
Olfactory (CN I)
travels through the cribiform plate, originates in the nasal mucosa and olfactory epithelium, ganglia are located in the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, and it terminates in the lateral olfactory stria to primary olfactory cortex (B34) and amygdala. Functions in smell
Optic (CN II)
travels through the optic canal, originates in the ganglion cells of the retina, terminates in the geniculocalcerine tract to visual cortex (B17). It’s ganglia is located in the lateral geniculate body
Oculomotor (CN III)
travels through the superior orbital fissure, originates in both the endanger westphal nucleus (parasympathetic) and the Oculomotor nucleus of rostral midbrain. Ganglion are located in the ciliary ganglia and they terminate at the sphincter muscles of the iris and cilliary muscles (parasympathetic) and levator palpebral superioris, superior, middle and inferior rectus and inferior oblique.
Trochlear (CN IV)
functions in moving the eye, originates in the contralateral trochlear nucleus of the caudal midbrain, decussates in the midbrain, and terminates in the superior oblique and exits at the posterior brainstem
Abducens (CN VI)
moves the eye, originates in the abducens nucleus in the dorsomedial tegmentum of caudal pons, the ganglia are located in the corticospinal tract and pontine cistern, and it terminates in the lateral rectus muscle.
Ophthalmic division of the Trigeminal (CN V1)
travels through the superior orbital fissure, function is pain and temperature, originates in the face, eyeball and upper nasal cavity, ganglia is trigeminal ganglia, terminates in the spinal trigeminal nucleus and decussates in the contralateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus (VPM)
Maxillary Division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V2)
travels through the foramen rotundum, function is pain and temperature, originates in the face, upper teeth, lower nasal cavity and palate, Trigeminal ganglia.
Mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve (CN V3)
travels through the foramen ovale, function is pain and temperature as well as motor to the muscles of mastication, originates in the motor trigeminal nucleus, trigeminal ganglia. Terminates in the temporalis, masseter, media and lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, Tensor veli palitini, and tensor tympani
Facial (CN VII)
Function is parasympathetic, sensory, taste to anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and facial muscles, travels through the internal auditory meatus, originates in the superior salivatory nucleus, posterior surface of the ear, soft palate, taste buds in to the chordae tympani nerve and fascial nucleus, pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia, and the geniculate ganglia. Terminates in the lacrimal gland, sublingual and submandibular gland, spinal trigeminal tract & nucleus, solitary tract & nucleus, and stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and muscles of facial expression
Vestibular (CN VIII)
travels through internal auditory meatus, functions in equilibrium, originates in the hair cells of the crista of the semicircular canals, and utricle & saccule, vestibular ganglia in the fundus of the IAM, temerminates in the vestibular nuclei of brainstem & glocculonodular lobe of cerebellum
Cochlear (CN VIII)
function in hearing, orginates in the hair cells of organ of corti, spiral cochlear gangli in cochlea, terminates in the dosal and ventral cochlear nuclei or brainstem
