Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Osteology is…

A

*The study of bones/skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Axial skeleton =

A
  • Vertebral column
  • Skull
  • Ribs & Sternum
  • Sometimes hyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In adult humans, the vertebral column consists of __(#)__ elements (formed from 32-34 segments).

A

*26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 26 elements of the vertebral column? (3)

A
  • 24 individual vertebrae (seperated by intervertebral discs (IVD)
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total length of vertebral column (including the intervertebral discs) is about ___” in males and about __” in females:

A
  • 28” Males

* 25” Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Approximately how much of the length of the vertebral column is due to the discs?

A

*About 1/4th or 7”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 other bones (or groups of bones) that are closely integrated functionally with the vertebral column…

A
  • Occipital and temporal bones of the skull
  • 12 rib pairs + sternum anteriorly
  • Os Coxae (hip bone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

8 functions of the vertebral column:

A

1) flexible central column: permits movement
2) Supports: upper extremities, esp. Head and viscera
3) Suspends: upper extremities
4) Protects: spinal cord, viscera
5) Body shape: Upright
6) Transfers weight: of head, upper extremities + viscera through the pelvis to lower extremities
7) Stabilizes: body
8) Absorbs forces: placed on the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

5 regions of the vertebral column:

A

1) Cervical
2) Thoracic
3) Lumbar
4) Sacrum
5) Coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cervix refers to the…

A

*Neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

of cervical vertebrae

A

*7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

C1 =

A

Atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C2 =

A

Axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C1 & C2 function as…

A

*Specialized support for the head and permits movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thorax =

A

*Chest, breastplate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Old name for Thorax:

A

*Dorsal vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

of thoracic vertebrae…

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Thoracic vertebrae articulate with…

A

*12 pairs of ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lumbar =

A

*Loin (lower back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

of lumbar vertebrae…

A

*5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Lumbar vertebrae are specialized for…

A

*Weight support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which region of the vertebral column has the largest vertebrae?

A

*Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sacrum =

A
  • “Sacred”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The sacrum consists of…

A

*5 fused vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Shape of the sacrum…

A

*Wedge shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sacrum lies between…

A

*Os coxae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of the sacrum…

A

*Transfers weight of trunk to pelvic girdle & lower extremities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Coccyx =

A
  • cuckoo (resembles the beak?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

The coccyx is often a single element formed from…

A
  • 3-5 more or less fused elements
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Coccyx is a _______ structure:

A

*Vestigial: poorly developed remnant of tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Lordotic curves concavity faces/directed…

A

*Posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Lordotic curves convexity faces…

A

*Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Kyphotic curves concavity faces/directed…

A

*Anteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Kyphotic curves convexity faces…

A

*Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Definition of primary curves (2)…

A
  • Present at birth

* Retain general characteristics throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

2 primary curves…

A
  • Thoracic

* Sacral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Both primary curves are…

A

*Kyphotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Definition of secondary curves…

A

*Develop after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Secondary curves become _____ due to muscular activity.

A

*Lordotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

2 secondary curves…

A
  • Cervical

* Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Which secondary curve is the 1st to appear?

A

*Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What causes the cervical curves to appear?

A

*Due to lifting head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What causes the lumbar curves to appear? (3)

A

*Due to sitting, crawling and walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

When does the lumbar curve fully develop?

A

*Not fully developed until mid-childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Secondary curves are compensatory to…

A

*human’s upright, bipedal posture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Scoliotic curves are…

A

*Lateral curves (extend in the coronal plane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Scoliotic curves are compensatory to asymetries in… (examples).

A
  • Leg length
  • Sacral Development
  • Os Coxae Development
  • Muscle tone… etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Scoliotic curves are named according to…

A

*The side of convexity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

3 functions of curves:

A
  • Compensate for upright posture
  • Absorb forces placed on spine
  • Compensate for asymmetrical structure and function (see scoliotic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

4 abnormal curves (in clinical courses):

A
  • Kyphosis
  • Lordosis
  • Scoliosis
  • Straight or military spine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

“osis” =

A

*Disease of, condition of…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Kyphosis =

A

*Excessive kyphotic curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Lordosis =

A

*Excessive Lordotic curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Scoliosis =

A

*Excessive scoliatic curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Straight or military spine =

A

*Little or no curveture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Features of a “typical” vertebra (6)

A

1) Body
2) Vertebral Arch
3) Pars Interarticularis
4) Vertebral Foramen
5) Vertebral Notches
6) Intervertebral Foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Vertebral body =

A

*Anterior part of a vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is the largest part of a vertebra?

A

*Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Function of the vertebral body…

A

*Major central pillar - supports most of the weight of segments above.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Physical description of the vertebral arch of the typical vertebra…

A
  • Horseshoe shaped

* neural arch -> posterior part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

The typical vertebral arch has 2 _____ & 2 ______.

A
  • Pedicles

* Laminae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Description of 2 pedicles in a typical vertebral arch:

A
  • Left and Right

* Short and Stout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What are the 2 pedicles in a typical vertebral arch attached to?

A

*The Vertebral Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Description of 2 laminae in a typical vertebral arch:

A
  • Left and Right

* Broad and Flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Where are the 2 laminae located on a typical vertebral arch?

A

*Posterior part of the vertebral arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

A The typical vertebral arch has # processes.

A

*7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Name the 7 processes of a typical vertebral arch:

A

1- Spinous Process (S.P.)
2- (L & R) Transverse Processes (T.P.)
2- (L & R) Superior Articular Processes (S.A.P)
2- (L & R) Inferior Articular Processes (I.A.P)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Definition of articular processes…

A

*Zygapophyses of a vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

The unpaired spinous process of a typical vertebral arch projects…

A

*Posteriorly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Articular processes have articular surfaces called…

A

*Articular Facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Superior articular processes articulate with Inferior articular processes to form…

A

*Zygapophyseal joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Description of the pars interarticularis of the typical vertebra…

A

*The bone that “connects” and IAP &SAP on one side of a vertebra.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

The vertebral foramen of a typical vertebra = ______ or _______ foramen.

A
  • Spinal

* Neural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

Description of the vertebral foramen of the typical vertebra.

A

*Opening between the vertebral body and vertebral arch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

The vertebral foramina of successive vertebrae form the …

A

*Vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

Description of Vertibral notches on the typical vertebra.

A

*Notches or grooves on pedicle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

2 types of vertebral notches on the typical vertebra:

A

*Superior & Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Intervertebral foramen (EVF) of the typical vertebra are formed by …

A

*Adjacent vertebral “notches”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Intervertebral Foramen of the typical vertebra are…

A

*Openings between adjacent Vertebral segments, formed by Inferior and Superior Vertebral notches or adjacent segments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

How many vertebral elements, including the sacrum as one and the coccyx as one, comprise the vertebral column?

A

*26

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

An excessively posterior convexity of the spine is called…

A

*Kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

What is the outline shape of the vertebral foramen in a typical cervical vertebra?

A

*Triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

The typical lumbar vertebral body is _____ shaped…

A

*Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

What region of the spine has an oblique orientation of the I.V.F.’s?

A

*Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

In what region of the spine is there a pars interarticularis?

A

*Cervical, Thoracic and Lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

A joint that includes an articular capsule and is freely moveable is classified as a:

A

*Diarthroses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

What ligament attaches to a tubercle on the medial surface of the occipital condyle?

A

*Alar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

The first and second cervical spine nerves differ from the other spinal nerves because they exit the vertebral canal:

A

*Posterior to the articular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

What ligament is an extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

*Tectorial Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Which rib is a true rib? R1, R8, R10 or R11?

A

*R1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

The most inferior part of the sternum is called the…

A

*xiphoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

The tubercle of the sixth rib articulates with the transverse process of the ______ vertebra.

A

*T6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

True or false: Th uncinate process is a landmark of the occipital bone.

A

*False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

True/False: The mamillary process is a landmark of the occipital bone.

A

*False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

True/False: The mastoid process is a landmark of the occipital bone.

A

*False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

True/False: The Jugular process is a landmark of the occipital bone.

A

*True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q

True/False: The typical CERVICAL vertebrae have superior articular facets that face posteriorly and are oriented in the coronal plane.

A

*False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

True/False: Typical THORACIC vertebrae have superior articular facets that face posteriorly and are oriented in the coronal plane.

A

*True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

True/False: Typical LUMBAR vertebrae have superior articular facets that face posteriorly and are oriented in the coronal plane.

A

*False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

Occiput: Shape when viewed from below…

A

*Wedge shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

Central structure of the occiput…

A

*Foramen Magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

The foramen magnum of the occiput is the central structure that contains … (3)

A
  • Spinal Cord
  • Meninges
  • Vertebral Arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

The foramen magnum of the occiput is continuous inferiorly with the…

A

*Vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q

What transitions to form the spinal cord?

A

*Brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

Meninges of the foramen magnum of the occiput are made up of…

A

*Dura mater anchored to margin of foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

3 parts of the Occiput, based on the relationship with the foramen magnum:

A
  • Basilar part
  • Condylar Part
  • Squamous part
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

Where is the basilar part of the Occiput based on its relationship with the foramen magnum?

A

*Anterior to the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

Where is the condylar part of the occiput based on its relationship with the foramen magnum?

A

*Lateral to the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
109
Q

Where is the squamous part of the occiput based on its relationship with the foramen magnum?

A

*Posterior to the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
110
Q

The occipital condyle and the jugular processes are in which of the 3 parts of the occiput? (basilar, condylar, or squamous)

A

*Condylar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
111
Q

Occiptal condyles articulate with…

A

*C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
112
Q

Where are the occipital condyles of the occiput in relation to the foramen magnum?

A

*Lateral to the foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
113
Q

Which “tubercle” is located on the medial edge of the occipital condyle?

A

*Alar tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
114
Q

Nuchal lines are located on which of the 3 parts of the occiput? (Basilar, condylar, or squamous)

A

*Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
115
Q

What attaches to the superior nuchal lines of the occiput? (3)

A
  • Trapezius
  • SCM
  • Splenius capitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
116
Q

What attaches to the inferior nuchal lines of the occiput? (3)

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Obliquus Sup.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
117
Q

What attaches to the median nuchal line of the occiput? (1)

A

*Nuchal ligament (part of)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
118
Q

The external occipital protuberance is located on which of the 3 parts of the occiput? (Basilar, condylar or squamous)

A

*Squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
119
Q

The external occipital protuberance is the attachment location of what structure?

A

*Nuchal ligament (part of)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
120
Q

Where is the jugular process in relation to the occipital condyle?

A

*Lateral to occipital condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
121
Q

The jugular process(es) of the occiput forms a border of…

A

*Jugular foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
122
Q

The paramastoid process(es) are located on which other feature of the occiput?

A

*Is on/a part of jugular process(es)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
123
Q

What are the 2 functional groups (segments) of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Suboccipital

* Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
124
Q

The suboccipital segment of the cervical vertebrae consist of which vertebrae?

A

*C1 & C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
125
Q

The suboccipital segment of the cervical vertebrae allows __#__ types of movements?

A

*3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
126
Q

What 3 types of movements are allowed by the suboccipital segment?

A
  • Rotation
  • Flexion/extension
  • Lateral Flexion (some)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
127
Q

Where is the most rotation of the suboccipital segment allowed?

A

*Between C1 and C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
128
Q

Where is the most flexion/extension of the Suboccipital segment allowed?

A

*Between C0 and C1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
129
Q

The inferior segment of the cervical vertebrae is made up of which vertebrae?

A

*C3-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
130
Q

The inferior segment of the cervical vertebrae allows which 2 types of movement?

A
  • Flexion/extension

* Lateral Flexion - coupled w/rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
131
Q

The inferior segment of the cervical vertebrae is made up of typical vertebrae except which one?

A

*C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
132
Q

Which are the typical vertebrae of the cervical verterbrae

A

*C3 - C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
133
Q

10 aspects of the typical cervical vertebraes C3-C6:

A

1) Body
2) Joint of Luschka
3) Vertebral Foramen
4) Short Bifid Spinous Processes
5) Articular Pillar
6) Articular surface of the SAP (Superior articular facets)
7) Articular facet of the IAP
8) Transverse Process
9) Transverse Foramen of the TP
10) Intervertebral Foramen (IVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
134
Q

Physical description of the typical cervical vertebral BODY:

A
  • Small, flattened body

* Oval in outline shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
135
Q

Physical description of the Joint of Luschka located on the typical cervical vertebra?

A

*Saddle like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
136
Q

Which processes are located on the Joint of Luschka of the typical cervical vertebra?

A

*Uncinate processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
137
Q

The Uncinate processes are unique to which vertebral section? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

A

*Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
138
Q

The uncinate processes are located of which surface of the typical cervical vertebral body?

A

*Superior-Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
139
Q

The joint of Luschka in the typical cervical vertebra “guides” movement in … ?

A

*Flexion - Extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
140
Q

Physical description of the typical cervical vertebral foramen…

A

*Large & Triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
141
Q

The short bifid spinous processes are a unique characteristic of which section of spine? (Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar)

A

*Cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
142
Q

The articular pillar of the typical cervical vertebra consists of which 3 aspects arranged in a vertical line?

A

*SAP, IAP & pars interarticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
143
Q

The articular surface of a SAP of the typical cervical vertebra is also called a superior articular ______.

A

*Facet(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
144
Q

Physical description and shape of the typical cervical vertebral articular surface of a SAP…

A

*Large, flat and oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
145
Q

The Articular surface of a SAP of the typical cervical vertebra faces superior, posterior and slightly….

A

*Medial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
146
Q

Physical description and shape of the typical cervical vertebral articular facet of the IAP.

A

*Large, flat and oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
147
Q

The articular facet of the IAP of a typical cervical vertebra faces inferior, anterior, and slightly …

A

*Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
148
Q

The SAP’s and IAP’s of adjacent typical cervical vertebrae for the _________ joint…

A

*Zygapophyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
149
Q

The facet planes of the SAP’s and IAP’s of adjacent typical cervical vertebrae are ________ between horizontal and coronal planes.

A

*Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
150
Q

Where is the groove/gutter for a spinal nerve located on the transverse process of a typical cervical vertebra?

A

*On the superior surface of TP, between the anterior and Posterior tubercles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
151
Q

The transverse process of the typical cervical vertebra is the attachment site for which muscles?

A

*Deep neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
152
Q

Physical description of the transverse process on a typical cervical vertebra…

A

*Short and Bifid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
153
Q

The anterior tubercle of the transverse process located on the typical cervical vertebra is also known as the ______ tubercle.

A

*Costal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
154
Q

The transverse foramen of the transverse process is the key characteristic of all of which cervicals?

A

*Key characteristic of ALL cervicals C1-C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
155
Q

C1 - C6 transmit which artery and vein?

A

*Vertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
156
Q

The C7 transmits on the the vertebral _____ not the vertebral _______.

A
  • Vein

* Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
157
Q

The intervertebral foramen (IVF) of a typical cervical vertebra has _________ and ________ (directional) notches that are approximately equal in size.

A

*Superior and Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
158
Q

The intervertebral disc, adjacent vertebral bodies, joint of Luchska, adjacent pedicle and the zygapophyseal joints of the typical cervical vertebrae all border which physical aspect of said vertebra?

A

*The intervertebral Foramen (IVF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
159
Q

The IVF of a typical cervical vertebra is directed obliquely in which 3 directions?

A

*Lateral, inferior and anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
160
Q

Most cervical spinal nerve emerges between the _________ (joint) and the __________ (artery).

A
  • The zygapophyseal joint

* The vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
161
Q

Since there is no IVF between the occiput and C1, or between C1 and C2: The C1 & C2 spinal nerves exit through an _______ ________ instead.

A

*Intervertebral sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
162
Q

The typical lumbar vertebrae consist of which vertebrae?

A

*L1 - L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
163
Q

The typical lumbar vertebrae are the largest of moveable segments and designed for….

A

*Support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
164
Q

The typical lumbar vertebrae has a large, _______ shaped body.

A

*Kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
165
Q

The vertebral foramen of the typical lumbar vertebrae is larger than the _________ but smaller than the _________. (Sections of the spine)

A
  • Larger than thoracic

* Smaller than cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
166
Q

The vertebral foramen of the typical lumbar vertebra is ________ shaped.

A

*Triangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
167
Q

9 aspects of the typical Lumbar vertebrae

A

1) Body
2) Vertebral Foramen
3) Spinous Process
4) Facets of the Articular Processes
5) Mamillary Process
6) Accessory Mamillary process
7) Transverse Process
8) Intervertebral Foramen
9) Lateral Recess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
168
Q

Physical description of the typical lumbar vertebral spinous process…

A

*Stout & rectangular (club-like)

169
Q

Spina bifida is a disorder where the vertebral arch is incomplete at the mid-line (2 part arch) and is commonly located on which part of the typical lumbar vertebra?

A

*Spinous process

170
Q

Facets of the articular processes of the typical lumbar vertebra assume a more ________ orientation.

A

*Sagittal

171
Q

The superior facets of the typical lumbar vertebra faces medial and slightly _____

A

*Posterior

172
Q

The inferior facets of the the typical lumbar spine face lateral and slightly ______.

A

*Anterior

173
Q

The facets of the articular processes have more sagittal orientation in upper lumbar & more _______ in lower lumbar.

A

*Coronal

174
Q

The mamillary process of the typical lumbar vertebra is the posteriosuperior surface of the ______ ________ _______.

A

*Superior articular process

175
Q

The mamillary process of the typical lumbar vertebrae is a true ____ ________ element.

A

*Transverse process

176
Q

The accessory mamillary process of the typical lumbar vertebra is located at the base of the …..

A

*Transverse process

177
Q

Physical description of the typical lumbar vertebral transverse process…

A
  • Long and slender (and nearly horizontal)
178
Q

The transverse process of the typical lumbar vertebra is actually a ______ element.

A

*Costal

179
Q

Intervertebral foramen of the typical ____(spinal section)_____ vertebra is the largest opening of IVF in the spine.

A

*Lumbar

180
Q

The IVF of the typical lumbar vertebra faces ______.

A

*Lateral

181
Q

The lateral recess of the typical lumbar vertebra the part of vertebral canal that is immediately ___(direction)___ to a pedicle.

A

*Inferior

182
Q

The lateral recess of the typical lumbar vertebra is occupied by….

A

*Spinal Nerve

183
Q

The only atypical lumbar…

A

*L5

184
Q

The Inferior articular facet faces ____ and ____.

A

*Anterior and Lateral

185
Q

The physical description of the body of the L5 is the _____est and _____est of all lumbars.

A

*Shortest and Widest

186
Q

The L5 has a __(size)__ spinous process.

A

*Small

187
Q

Spondyloschisis is …

A

*Spina Bifida

188
Q

The most common site for spina bifida is on which vertebra?

A

*L5

189
Q

Spondylolysis =

A
  • Collar of Scotty dog

* Separation of pars interarticularis

189
Q

Lysthesis =

A

*To slip or move

189
Q

Spondylolysthesis =

A

*Displacement of a vertebra from normal position.

190
Q

Lumbarization =

A

*S1 not completely fused to sacrum (Partial or complete)

190
Q

Sacralization =

A

*L5 or Cx1 partially or completely fused to sacrum.

191
Q

Tropism =

A

*Asymmetry of facet planes with/in a segment.

192
Q

The sacrum is liked with the pelvic girdle via the _____-_____ joint.

A

*Sacro-iliac

193
Q

The sacrum forms the roof of the ______ cavity.

A

*Pelvic

194
Q

The ala(wing) is positioned __(direction)__ to the S1 body.

A

*Laterally

195
Q

Anterior surface consists of what 3 aspects?

A
  • Ala (wing)
  • Body of S1
  • Sacral Promontory
196
Q

The sacral promontory is a landmark located along the _____ - _____ edge of S1 body.

A

*Anterior-Superior

196
Q

The sacral canal is the sacral part of the _______ _____.

A

*Vertebral canal

196
Q

Transverse lines are on the __(direction)__ surface of the sacrum.

A

*Anterior

197
Q

There are # transverse lines

A

*4

197
Q

There are # pairs of dorsal sacral foramina…

A

*4

198
Q

There are # pairs of ventral sacral foramina…

A

*4

199
Q

The dorsal sacral foramina contains the ____ ____ of S1-S4 nerves…

A

*Dorsal Rami

200
Q

The ventral sacral foramina contains the ______ _____ of the S1 - S4 nerves.

A

*Ventral Rami

200
Q

The posterior surface of the sacrum contains what 4 aspects?

A
  • Median sacral crest
  • Intermediate sacral crest
  • Lateral sacral Crest
  • Pars Lateralis
200
Q

The median sacral crest is the fused _______ _________.

A

*Spinous Process

200
Q

The intermediate sacral crest is located (Direction) to the dorsal foramina.

A

*Medial

201
Q

The fused Articular processes of the sacrum form the ______ sacral crest.

A

*Intermediate

201
Q

The fused Transverse Processes of the sacrum for the ______ sacral crest.

A

*Lateral

201
Q

The Lateral crest is located (Direction) to the dorsal foramina.

A

*Lateral

202
Q

The fused costal elements of the sacrum form the ___ _________.

A

*Pars Lateralis

202
Q

*The Pars lateralis of the sacrum is located (Direction) to the the lateral sacral crest.

A

*Lateral

203
Q

The auricular surface of the pars lateralis is associated with which segments of the sacrum?

A

*S1 - S3

204
Q

The auricular surface of the pars lateralis of the sacrum is oriented (Direction) and slightly posterior.

A

*Laterally

205
Q

The auricular surface of the pars lateralis of the sacrum is lined by _________ ___________.

A

*Hyaline cartilage

206
Q

*Fibrocartilage lines the articular surface of the _____.

A

*Ilium

207
Q

The sacral tuberosity is part of the pars lateralis and located between the ____ surface and the ______ sacral crest.

A
  • Auricular

* Lateral

208
Q

The female sacrum is _____ and more _______ than the male.

A

*Wider and More Angulated

209
Q

The cornua of the coccyx is a remnant of (direction) articular process.

A

*Superior

210
Q

What are the 3 atypical cervicals?

A

*C1, C2 & C7

211
Q

The C1, has no spinous process but a _____ ______ instead.

A

*Posterior tubercle

212
Q

True/False: The atlas has no body, pedicle, lamina or Spinous process.

A

True

213
Q

The C1 is the _____est vertebra in the neck.

A

*Widest

214
Q

The articular facet on the posterior surface of the anterior arch of C1 is called…

A

*Fovea Dentalis

215
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of C1?

A

*Rectus capitus posterior minor.

215
Q

Superior articular facets of C1 are very large, elongated and (Convex/concave)?

A

*Concave

216
Q

C2 is the axis or __________ which means “the pivot”.

A

*Epistopheus

216
Q

The anterior facet of the dens articulates with the ______ ________ of C1.

A

*Fovea dentalis

217
Q

The posterior facet of the dens articulates with the _______ ________ of the cruciform ligament.

A

*Transverse ligament.

217
Q

The axis is the ____est and ____est cervical vertebra.

A

*Strongest & Thickest

218
Q

The ____ has/is the most deeply bifid spinous process of the spine.

A

*Axis

219
Q

While the axis has no uncinate processes, the ____ __ _______ is present between C2 & C3.

A

*Joint of Luschka

219
Q

The axis has no uncinate processes, however that joint of luschka is present between C2 & C3, thus _______ ______ are present on the axis.

A

*Semilunar facets

219
Q

Physical description of C7’s spinous process.

A

*Long and sloping, NOT BIFID.

one large tubercle

219
Q

C7 (or sometimes T1) is the 1st most easily palpated spinous process and is also called the ________ ________…

A

*Vertebra prominens

220
Q

The joints of luschka is located between __ and C7.

A

*C6 (not C7 & T1)

221
Q

C7 ha uncinate process but no __________ facets.

A

*Semilunar

221
Q

The inferior articular facet of C7, like the thoracic in orientation, faces more (Direction) and is on the _______ plane.

A
  • Anteriorly

* Coronal plane

221
Q

C7 has a _______ or absent anterior tubercle.

A

*Vestigial

221
Q

The abnormal condition where C1 is partially or completely fused to C0. (born with)

A

*Occipitalization

222
Q

The abnormal condition where there is a narrow “bridge” of column of bone connecting C1 to C0. (acquired)

A

*Atlanto-occipial “ponticulum”

222
Q

The carotid tubercle refers to the _______ tubercle of the Transverse process of C6.

A

*Anterior

222
Q

Which are the typical thoracic vertebrae?

A

*T2-T9

223
Q

The Superior and inferior costovertebral _____ ________ (paired) of the typical thoracic vertebrae articulates with heads of ribs to form the ____________ joint.

A
  • Demi facets

* Costovertebral

223
Q

Physical description of the typical thoracic vertebral foramen… (size and shape)

A

*Small & circular

224
Q

The superior processes of the typical thoracic vertebrae extend from the _______.

A

*Pedicle

225
Q

*The Inferior processes of the typical thoracic vertebrae extend from the _______.

A

*Lamina

225
Q

The typical thoracic vertebra has no distinct ________ pillar.

A

*articular

226
Q

The typical thoracic vertebrae has a superior facet in a ________ plane, and faces (direction).

A
  • Coronal plane

* Posterior

227
Q

The inferior facet of the typical thoracic vertebrae faces (direction) in a coronal plane.

A

*Anterior

227
Q

The transverse process of the typical thoracic vertebrae is relatively large, slopes (Direction), and has a bulbous end.

A

*Posteriorly

228
Q

The articular facet of the typical thoracic transverse process is called the ____________ facet and articulates with the tubercle of a rib (____________ joint). (Hint: Same word)

A

*Costotransverse (Facet & Joint)

228
Q

The intervertebral foramen of the typical thoracic vertebrae is oriented (direction)…

A

*Laterally (horizontally)

229
Q

The inferior vertebral notch of vertebra above are much _____er than the superior vertebral notch of vertebra below. (Typical Thoracic)

A

*Much Larger

229
Q

Which are the atypical thoracic vertebrae?

A

*T1, T10-T12

229
Q

T1 has a full Costovertebral (pair) articular facet for the head of the ___ rib.

A

*1st

230
Q

T1 has inferior costovertebral demifactes for ___ rib.

A

*2nd

230
Q

The body of T1 resembles _____ vertebra.

A

*Cervical (more oval)

230
Q

T1 contributes to, or is, the vertebra ________.

A

*Prominens

231
Q

T10 has _______________ demifacet for 10th rib head but has no ________________ facet for the 11th rib.

A

*Costovertebral

232
Q

Size of the T11 body.

A

*Large & lumbar like

233
Q

Complete ______ _____ for 11th rib heads.

A

*Costovertebral facets

234
Q

T11 has no costotransverse facets on ________ _______ for rib 11.

A

*Transverse Process

235
Q

The spinous process for T11 is … (height, width & shape.)

A

*Short, thick and rectangular (like lumbar)

236
Q

T12 is like the T11 except the inferior articular facet faces (Direction) like lumbar.

A

*Laterally

236
Q

The transverse processes of T12 have 3 elevations:

A

1) Mamillary Tubercle (lumbar characteristic)
2) Acessory Mamillary Tubercle (L characteristic)
3) Lateral Tubercle - vestigial TP

237
Q

The sternum is formed from # sternebrae/segments.

A

*6

238
Q

The manubrium of the sternum has a jugular or __________ notch on the (direction) border.

A
  • Suprasternal

* Superior

239
Q

The manubrium of the sternum articulates with _____, First costal cartilages, and ______ ______.

A
  • Clavicle
  • 1st costal cartilages
  • Corpus sterni (aka body)
240
Q

The body of the sternum is composed of # fused sternubrae.

A

*4

241
Q

The body of the sternum articulates with the __ through ___ costal cartilages (sternocostal joints), the _____, and _______ process.

A
  • 2nd - 7th costal cartilages
  • Manubrium
  • Xiphoid Process
242
Q

The body of the sternum contains the __________ joint.

A

*Xiphisternal Joint

243
Q

The xiphoid process is the ____ sternebra.

A

*6th

244
Q

The xiphoid process frequently articulates with the lower part of the ___ costal cartilage.

A

*7th

245
Q

What is the definition of a true rib?

A

*Directly connects to sternum via its own costal cartilage.

246
Q

What is the definition of a false rib?

A

*Does not directly connect to the sternum via its own costal cartilage.

246
Q

What is the definition of a floating rib?

A

*Does not connect to the sternum at all

246
Q

Which ribs are considered true ribs?

A

*R1-R7

247
Q

Which ribs are considered false ribs?

A

*R8 - R12

248
Q

Which ribs are considered floating ribs?

A

*R11&R12

248
Q

4 aspects of a typical rib. (R2-R10)

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Tubercle
  • Shaft
249
Q

Typical ribs: the head is located at the ________ end.

A

*vertebral

250
Q

The head of a typical rib has superior and inferior facets divided by _________ _____.

A

*Interarticular Crest

251
Q

Facets of the typical rib head articulate with ________ _________ to for the costovertebral joint.

A

*Costovertebral Demifacets

252
Q

The head of Rib n articulates with Tn and Tn-1 vertebral bodies (demifacets) and the intervening ________ disc.

A

*Intervertebral

253
Q

The neck of a typical rib is (length)…

A

*Short

254
Q

The tubercle of the typical rib is located at the _____ of the neck and ____ of the rib.

A
  • Junction

* Shaft

255
Q

The tubercle of a typical rib has an articular facet, the ____________ joint, and a _________ surface.

A
  • Costotransverse Joint

* Nonarticular Surface

256
Q

The shaft of a typical rib has a costal angle with a rough surface, with attaching _________ muscles.

A

*Iliocostalis

257
Q

The shaft of the typical rib has a rounded (Direction) edge and sharply angled (direction) edge.

A
  • Rounded Superior

* Angled Inferior

257
Q

The distal/sternal end of the typical rib shaft articulates with its costal cartilage: This joint is the ____________ articulation.

A

*Costocondral

258
Q

The costal cartilages of the typical rib that articulates with the sternum form a _______ joint.

A

*Costosternal

259
Q

Which are the atypical ribs?

A

*R1, R11 & R12

260
Q

Arthrology is…

A

*The study of joints

260
Q

Syndesmology is…

A

*The study of ligaments

261
Q

What are the 2 ways of classifying joints? Based on the ___ of ______ at a joint, or based on ____ of ______ ______ at the joint.

A
  • Degree of Movement

* Type of connective tissue

261
Q

3 types of joints based on the degree of movement at a joint:

A

1) synarthrosis
2) Amphiarthrosis
3) Diarthrosis

262
Q

Description of synarthrosis: These joints permit ______ (if any) movement; bone edges are very ______ and may even ________.

A
  • Permits very little (if any)
  • Edges are very close
  • May even interlock
262
Q

Description of diarthrosis: These joints permit a ______ range of motion. _______ Moveable.

A
  • Wide Range of motion

* Freely moveable

262
Q

Description of Amphiarthrosis (joints): These joints permit _____ movement; bones are usually _ (distance)_er (together/apart) than they are at a synarthrosis.

A
  • Permit slight movement

* Farther apart

262
Q

3 classifications of joints based on type of connective tissue at the joint.

A

1) Fibrous Joint
2) Cartilaginous Joint
3) Synovial Joint

263
Q

Description of Synovial Joint: Articulating surfaces are covered by _______ ________, but not directly connected by tissue. Articular surfaces are separated by a joint or ______ _______, and are held closely together by a ______ joint capsule and extra joint _______ ligaments.

A
  • Covered by articular cartilage
  • (separated by) Synovial cavity
  • (held together by) Fibrous joint
  • Joint Capsular Ligaments.
263
Q

What is the symphysis type of a cartilaginous joint?

A

*Amphiarthrosis

263
Q

What are the 2 major types of joints between vertebrae?

A
  • Cartilagenous

* Synovial

263
Q

What is the symphysis type of a synovial joint?

A

*Diarthrosis

264
Q

The central joint between vertebrae are _________ joints. (category based on connective tissue)

A

*Cartilaginous Joints

264
Q

The cartilaginous joint of the vertebrae includes a (tissue type) disc (intervertebral disc) that binds adjacent vertebral bodies.

A

*Fibrocartilagenous

265
Q

The zygopophyseal joints of the vertebrae are formed by the ______ and ________ inferior processes (paired joints).

A

*Superior and Inferior

265
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebrae are categorized at what type of joint? (based on connective tissue)

A

*Synovial

265
Q

The vertebra’s zygapophyseal joint complex includes a ______ capsule lined by synovial membrane and filled with synovial _____.

A
  • Fibrous capsule

* Synovial fluid

266
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebrae allowes _____er movement in relation to the size of joint.

A

*Greater movement

266
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebrae primarily allow a ______ type of movement.

A

*Gliding/sliding

267
Q

The central joint of the vertebrae is between most vertebral segments, but atypical or absent between ___ & ___, the ____ and ____, the sacral segments and most _____ segments.

A
  • C0 & C1
  • The atlas & Axis
  • coccygeal
267
Q

The intervertebral disc is usually described as a ____________ complex (but, also some hyaline cartilage) that helps form the central joints of the spine.

A

*Fibrocartilagenous

268
Q

The intervertebral disc is classified as a (type of tissue)?

A

*Ligament

268
Q

How many intervertebral discs are there total?

A

*23 (24 only if there an IVD between the Sacrum and Coccyx)

269
Q

What are the 3 parts of the IVD? _______ Fibrosis, Nucleus _________, Verterbal/Cartilaginous _____ ________.

A
  • Anulus Fibrosis
  • Nucleus Pulposis
  • Vertebral/Cartilaginous End Plates
269
Q

The anulus-fibrosis of the IVD functions as a __(tissue)__ to bind adjacent vertebral bodies and also retains the Inner nucleus ________.

A
  • Functions as a LIGAMENT

* Retains the inner nucleus PULPOSUS

269
Q

The nucleus pulposis of the IVD is strongly hydro______.

A

*Hydrophilic (takes up water)

269
Q

4 functions of the IVD:

1) _______ forces
2) Shape of the IVD contributes to the lumbar and cervical ______.
3) _______ motion at any one segment (but combined effect on motion of many segments is great)
4) Resists many types of forces due to _____ pattern.

A

1) Absorbs forces
2) Lumbar and Cervical CURVES
3) Limits motion
4) WEAVE pattern.

269
Q

The anulus fibrosis of the IVD forms the outer concentric ___________ _____ or lamellae.

A

*Fibrocartilagenous rings

269
Q

The IVD is adherent to the rib head (by _______ ligament) in thorax.

A

*Radiate ligament

269
Q

The outer anulus of the IVD is supplied sparsely by branches of the ______ _____ ____.

A

*Spinal A. A. (aortic artery?)

269
Q

The outer anulus is innervated by branches of ventral _____ of spinal nerves and the _____ chain/trunk.

A
  • Branches of Ventral

* Sympathetic chain/trunk

269
Q

Which part of the IVD lacks innervation or direct blood supply? (anulus, nucleus, vertebral end plates)

A

*Nucleus

269
Q

Zygapophyseal joints are classified as ______ and diarthrosis.

A

*Synovial

269
Q

Zygapophyseal joints are innervated by branches of (direction) primary rami of spinal nerves.

A

*Dorsal

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum attaches ____ of the adjacent vertebrae.

A

*Laminae

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum contributes/blends to the _____ and anterior part of the zygapophyseal capsule.

A

*Medial

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum helps form the (Direction) wall of the vertebral canal.

A

*Posterior

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum resists (movement) and absorbs forces of the spine.

A

*Flexion

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum helps posterior muscles maintain ____ _____.

A

*Erect Posture

269
Q

Above C7, the supraspinous ligaments become the funicular part of the _____ ligament.

A

*Nuchal ligament

269
Q

The interspinous ligament resists (movement) and is poorly developed in every section of the spine except the _____.

A
  • Resist flexion

* Lumbar

269
Q

In arthrology, which 3 joints are considered the upper cervical joints?

A

*C0, C1 & C2 (Atlanto-Occipital, Atlanto-axial, Occipto-axial)

269
Q

The plane of articulation for C0-C1-C2.

A

*horizontal

269
Q

The plane articulation for C2-C7 is oblique between ______ and coronal.

A

*Transverse

269
Q

The articulation of the IA facet of C7 is …

A

*coronal

269
Q

What are the 2 parts of the the fibrous septum in the posterior neck?

A
  • Funicular part

* Lamellar part

269
Q

The nuchal ligament is richly innervated mainly with the ______ ____ of C2-C4 spinal nerves.

A

*Dorsal rami

269
Q

The nuchal ligament provides innervation to ____________ and pain endings/receptors.

A

*Proprioceptive

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum ends at the laminae of which vertebra?

A

*C2

269
Q

The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments ends and the body of which vertebra?

A

*C2

269
Q

The atlanto-occipital articulation a categorized as a synovial and ______ joint, since the convex occipital condyles articulate with concave superior facets of the atlas.

A

*Diarthrosis

269
Q

The anterior atlanto-occipital “membrane” (ligament) lies between the anterior ___ of C1 and the anterior margin of _____ _____.

A
  • Anterior arch

* Foramen magnum

269
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament is the homologue (similar structure) of the ________ ______.

A

*Ligamentum flavum

269
Q

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament lies between the posterior arch of the ____ and the posterior border of _______ _______.

A
  • Atlas

* Foramen Magnum

269
Q

Each vertebral artery penetrates the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament through an opening call the ________ foramen.

A

*Arcuate

269
Q

The lateral atlanto-occipital ligament strengthens the articular capsule laterally and attaches the lateral mass (and TP) of the atlas to the __________ process of the jugular process of the occiput.

A

*Paramastoid process

269
Q

The median atlantoaxial joint is a pivot joint between the _______ process of the axis and the ______ ________ of the anterior arch of the atlas.

A
  • Odontoid process

* Fovea dentalis

269
Q

The atlanto-axial articulation allows mainly what kind of motion?

A

*Pivot motion (axial rotation)

269
Q

The anterior atlantoaxial ligament is the homologue of the _______ ______ ligament. (Hint: The ALL)

A

*Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

269
Q

The occipto-axial complex (is/ is not) a direct articulation?

A

*NOT direct articulation

269
Q

The tectorial membrane of the occipito-axial complex is a continuation of the ___terior longitudinal ligament.

A

*Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL homologue)

269
Q

The tectorial membrane is postitioned along the __________ wall of the vertebral canal.

A

*Anterior

269
Q

The tectorial membrane of the occipito-axial complex attaches to the posterior body of the ____ and the ________ border of the foramen magnum where it also blends with cranial dura mater.

A
  • Posterior body of AXIS

* Anterior border

269
Q

The cruciform ligament is located _____ to the tectorial membrane.

A

*Anterior (deep)

269
Q

The transverse part of the cruciform ligament attaches to both _____ _____ of C1.

A

*Lateral Masses

269
Q

The alar ligaments limit the amount of rotation between the ____ and the _____.

A

*Head and the Axis

269
Q

The C1 nerve parallels the vertebral A. through the _______ ______.

A

*Arcuate foramen

269
Q

C3-C7 spinal nerves emerge through the IVF just anterior to the _____________ joints and also cross posterior to the vertebral artery.

A

*Zygapophyseal Joints

269
Q

The thoracic zygapophyseal joints are typical synovial joints oriented in the _____ plane where the superior facet of the inferior vertebra is oriented mostly posteriorly.

A

*Coronal plane

269
Q

The thoracic costovertebral joint is a gliding _____ joint between rib head facets and costovertebral facets.

A

*Synovial

269
Q

The sternocostal joints are formed between the costal cartilages of the ____ ribs and the sternum.

A

*True ribs

269
Q

Sternocostal joints are (classification) for R2 - R7, but a (classification) for R1.

A
  • Synovial for R2-R7

* Synchondrosis for R1

269
Q

The _______ costervertebral ligament attaches the crest of the rib head to the IVD and is inside the synovial joint.

A

*Interosseous costovertebral ligament

269
Q

The interosseous costovertebral ligament separates the joint cavity in (direction) and (direction) halves.

A

*Superior and inferior

269
Q

The radiate costovertebral ligament has 3 bands, (_____, _____, and _____); one to each adjacent vertebral body and on to disc.

A

*Superior, intermediate & inferior

269
Q

The _______ costotransverse ligament attaches the costal neck to the base of the transverse process.

A

*Interossious (aka ligament of neck of rib)

269
Q

The lateral costotransverse ligament extends from the tip of the transverse process to the ______ ______.

A

*Costal Tubercle

269
Q

The ________ costotransverse ligament extends from the neck of a rib to the T.P. of the vertebral segment ABOVE.

A

*Superior costotransverse

269
Q

The zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar spine surfaces in the _____ plane.

A

*Sagital

269
Q

The interverteral discs of the Lumbar spine are especially vulnerable to injury when (movement) is combined with another movement.

A

*Rotation

269
Q

The 2 bands of the iliolumbar ligaments.

A

*Superior and Inferior

269
Q

The superior band of the iliolumbar ligaments extends from the transverse process of L4 to the _____ _____.

A

*Iliac crest

269
Q

The inferior band of the iliolumbar ligament extends from the transverse process of L_(#)_ to the iliac crest.

A

*L5

269
Q

The iliolumbar ligaments provide support to __ and __ during flexion-extension and lateral flexion.

A

*L4 & L5

269
Q

The alar ligaments attach the ____ to medial aspects of each occipital condyles.

A

*Dens

269
Q

The alar ligaments limit the amount of rotation between the ____ and the _____.

A

*Head and the Axis

269
Q

The C1 nerve parallels the vertebral A. through the _______ ______.

A

*Arcuate foramen

269
Q

The C2 nerve penetrates the ___terior atlantoaxial ligament.

A

*Posterior

269
Q

The Intervertebral discs of a central thoracic joint is _____ shaped, thin and small.

A

*Heart shaped

269
Q

The _______ costervertebral ligament attaches the crest of the rib head to the IVD and is inside the synovial joint.

A

*Interosseous costovertebral ligament

269
Q

The interosseous costovertebral ligament separates the joint cavity in (direction) and (direction) halves.

A

*Superior and inferior

269
Q

The radiate costovertebral ligament has 3 bands, (_____, _____, and _____); one to each adjacent vertebral body and on to disc.

A

*Superior, intermediate & inferior

269
Q

The lateral costotransverse ligament extends from the tip of the transverse process to the ______ ______.

A

*Costal Tubercle

269
Q

The ________ costotransverse ligament extends from the neck of a rib to the T.P. of the vertebral segment ABOVE.

A

*Superior costotransverse

269
Q

The zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar spine surfaces in the _____ plane.

A

*Sagital

269
Q

The Intervertebral discs of the LUMBAR spine are _____ shaped, large and thick (tallest).

A

*Kidney shaped

269
Q

The interverteral discs of the Lumbar spine are especially vulnerable to injury when (movement) is combined with another movement.

A

*Rotation

269
Q

The 2 bands of the iliolumbar ligaments.

A

*Superior and Inferior

269
Q

The superior band of the iliolumbar ligaments extends from the transverse process of L4 to the _____ _____.

A

*Iliac crest

269
Q

The inferior band of the iliolumbar ligament extends from the transverse process of L_(#)_ to the iliac crest.

A

*L5

269
Q

The iliolumbar ligaments provide support to __ and __ during flexion-extension and lateral flexion.

A

*L4 & L5

269
Q

8 ligaments that bind the L5 to the sacrum:

A

1) Anterior longitudinal ligament
2) Posterior longitudinal ligament
3) Lumbosacral capsular ligaments
4) Lumbosacral ligament
5) Supraspinous ligament
6) Interspinous ligament
7) Ligamentum Flavum
8) Intervertebral Disc

269
Q

*The __terior longitudinal ligament at L5 is very broad, while the __terior longitudinal ligament at L5 is very narrow.

A

*Anterior - broad
*Posterior - narrow
(at L5)

269
Q

With lumbosacral capsular ligaments, the plane of zygapophyseal articulation is more ______ rather than ______.

A

*More coronal than sagittal

269
Q

The supraspinous and interspinous ligaments that bind the L5 to the sacrum extend from the SP of L5 to the _____ sacral crest.

A

*Median

269
Q

The ligamentum flavum attaches the _______ of L5 to the “_____ area” of the sacrum.

A

*Laminae of L5 -> Laminar area

269
Q

The lumbosacral ligament extends from the L5 transverse process to the ____ ___.

A

*Sacral ala

269
Q

The transforminal (and extraforaminal) ligaments are thin .. bands that traverse the area of the ________ _____.

A
  • C.T. bands

* Intervertebral Foramen (IVF)

269
Q

The transforaminal ligaments stabilize the spinal _____ and _____.

A

*Nerves and vessels

269
Q

The sacral articular (auricular) surface is on the (direction) surface of S1-S3 segments.

A

*Lateral

269
Q

The Sacral auricular surface is lined by _____ cartilage.

A

*Hyaline

269
Q

The groove in the ____ auricular surface fits with the ridge on the ____ auricular surface.

A
  • Groove - Sacral

* Ridge - Iliac

269
Q

The iliac articular surface is lined by _____cartilage.

A

*Fibrocartilage

269
Q

The Sacroiliac joint is not well developed at birth but becomes (classification) with subsequent movement.

A

*Synovial

269
Q

The sacroiliac articular capsule is only present in the (direction) part of joint.

A

*Anterior/ventral

269
Q

The sacroiliac articular capsule blends with the ___terior sacroiliac ligament.

A

*Anterior

269
Q

Physical description of the Posterior sacroiliac ligament:

A

*Strong with extensive connections

269
Q

The Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments length and strength.

A

*Short and VERY strong

269
Q

The Interosseous sacroiliac ligament lies deep/anterior to the ___terior SI ligament.

A

*Posterior

269
Q

The Interosseous sacroiliac ligament attaches the sacral and iliac _________.

A

*Tuberosities

269
Q

The sacrotuberous ligament is very strong with long AND short parts, and attaches to the ________ tuberosity.

A

*Ischial

269
Q

The _________ ligament resists the forward nodding of the base of the sacrum.

A

*Sacrotuberous

269
Q

The sacrospinous ligament is a short, strong ligament that attaches to the ischial ___ and is located ___terior to the sacrotuberous ligament.

A
  • Ischial spine

* Anterior (Deep)

Spinal Anatomy (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions