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spinal anatomy > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes and supraspinous ligament of C7-T12

Insertion: Spine of the scapula, acromion, distal third of clavicle

Action: Decending part elevates; ascending part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

Innervation: Motor; Spinal portion of accessory (spinal accessory [cranial nerve XI]) Sensory (proprioception): ventral rami of C3-4

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2
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligament of T6-15, thoracolumbar fascia, median sacral crest, iliac crests, lower four ribs

Insection: Intertubercular groove of the humerus (between insertion of pectoralis major and teres major)

Action: Adduction, internal rotation, and extension of the humerus

Innervation: Thoracodorsal (C6-8)

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3
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligament (T2-5)

Insection: Medial border of scapula inferior to root of scapular spine

Action: Retract scapula, rotate point of shoulder down

Innervation: Dorsal scapular (C5)

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4
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Origin: Lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes (C7 and T1)
Insection: Medial border of scapula at level of root of scapular spine
Action: Retract scapula, rotate point of shoulder down
Innervation: Dorsal scapular (C5)

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5
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Origin: Transverse processes (C1-4)
Insection: Medial border of scapula above root of scapular spine
Action: If neck stabilized: elevate scapula, rotate point of shoulder down. If scapula stabilized bilaterally- extend neck; unilaterally- lateral flex and rotate neck to same side
Innervation: Ventral rami of C3-4, dorsal scapular (C5)

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6
Q

Serratus posterior superior

A

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligament (C7-T3)
Insection: Posterior and superior aspect of second through fifth ribs
Action: Aids respiration, raises second through fifth ribs
Innervation: Ventral rami of T2-5 (intercostal nerves)

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7
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

Origin: Spinous processes and supraspinous ligament of T11-L2(3)
Insection: Posterior and inferior surfaces of lower four ribs (T9-12)
Action: Aids respiration, lowers ninth through twelfth ribs
Innervation: Ventral rami of T9-12 (lower three intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve)

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8
Q

Splenius capitis

A

Origin: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T3(4)
Insection: Mastoid process, temporal bone, and occiput below lateral part of superior nuchal line
Action: Bilaterally: extend head. Unilaterally: lateral flex and rotate face to same side
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of midcervical spinal nerve (C3-5)

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9
Q

Splenius cervicis

A

Origin: Spinous processes (T3-6)
Insection: Transverse processes of C1-3(4)
Action: Bilaterally: extend neck. Unilaterally: lateral flex and rotate face toward same side
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of lower cervical spinal nerves (C5-7)

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10
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Origin: Common origin of erector spinae muscles: spinous processes and supraspinous ligament of T11-L5, median sacral crest, sacrotuberous ligament, posterior sacroiliac ligament, lateral sacral crest, posteromedial iliac crest
Insection: Angles of lower six to nine ribs
Action: Extend and laterally flex spine
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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11
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Origin: Angles of lower six ribs
Insection: Angles of upper six ribs and transverse process of C7
Action: Extend and laterally flex spine
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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12
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Origin: Angles of third through sixth ribs
Insection: Angles of upper six ribs and transverse process of C7
Action: Extend and laterally flex spine
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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13
Q

Longissimus thoracis

A

Origin: Common origin of erector spinae muscles (see iliocostalis lumborum), also transverse and accessory processes of all lumbar vertebrae
Insection: Third through twelfth ribs, transverse processes of all 12 thoratic vertebrae
Action: Extend and laterally flex spine
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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14
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A

Origin: Transverse processes of upper thoracic vertebrae (T1-5)
Insection: Transverse processes and articular processes of C2-6
Action: Extend and laterally flex spine
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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15
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

Origin: Upper thoracic transverse processes (T1-5) and articular processes of C4-7
Insection: Mastoid process temporal bone
Action: Extend and laterally flex head
Innervation: Lateral branches of dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

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16
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A

Origin: Lower thoracic and upper lumbar spinous processes (T11-L2)
Insection: Upper thoracic spinous processes (T1-4, sometimes down to T8)
Action: Extend spine
Innervation: Dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

17
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A

Origin: Upper thoracic spinous processes (T1-6)
Insection: Spinous processes of C2 (occasionally C3 and C4)
Action: Extend spine
Innervation: Dorsal rami of nearby spinal nerves

18
Q

Spinalis capitis

A

Origin: Transverse process of C7-T6(7), articular processes of C4-6, sometimes spinous processes of C7 of T1
Insection: Occiput between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Extend head
Innervation: Dorsal rami of upper thoracic and lower cervical spinal nerves

19
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

Origin: Transverse proceses (T7-12)
Insection: Spinous processes of four to six vertebrae above (C6-T4)
Action: Bilaterally: extend thoracic spine. Unilaterally: extend, laterally flex, and rotate vertebral bodies of thoracic spine to opposite side
Innervation: Medial branches of dorsal rami of T1-6

20
Q

Semisspinalis cervicis

A

Origin: Transverse processes (T1-5), articular processes (C4-7)
Insection: Spinous processes of four to six vertebrae above (C2-3)
Action: Bilaterally: extend neck. Unilaterally: extend, laterally flex, and rotate neck to opposite side
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C6-8

21
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Origin: Transverse processes (C7-T6), articular processes (C4-6)
Insection: Occiput between medial portions of superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Bilaterally: extend head. Unilaterally: slight rotation of face to opposite side
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C1-6

22
Q

Multifidus (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

A

Origin: Posterior sacrum, L1-5 mamillary processes, T1-12 transverse processes, C4-7 articular processes
Insection: Spinous processes two to four segments above (C2-15)
Action: Unilaterally: extend, laterally flex, and rotate vertebral bodies to opposite side
Innervation: Medial branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

23
Q

Rotatores (lumborum, thoracis, cervicis)

A

Origin: Transverse processes
Insection: Spinous processes; longus ascends two vertebral segments, brevis ascends one vertebral segment
Action: Bilsterally: extend spine. Unilaterally: rotate vertebral bodies to opposite side
Innervation: Medial branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerves

24
Q

Rectus capitis posterior major

A

Origin: Spinous process (C2)
Insection: Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line
Action: Bilaterally: extend head. Unilaterally: rotate face toward same side
Innervation: Suboccipital (dorsal ramus of C1)

25
Q

Rectus capitis posterior minor

A

Origin: Posterior tubercle (C1)
Insection: Medial portion of inferior nuchal line
Action: Extend head
Innervation: Suboccipital (dorsal ramus of C1)

26
Q

Obliquus capitis inferior

A

Origin: Spinous process (C2)
Insection: Transverse process (C1)
Action: Rotate face toward same side
Innervation: Suboccipital (dorsal ramus of C1)

27
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

Origin: Transverse process (C1)
Insection: Occiput between lateral portions of superior and inferior nuchal lines
Action: Bilaterally: extend head. Unilaterally: lateral flex head to same side
Innervation: Suboccipital (dorsal ramus of C1)

28
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine scapula
Insection: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

29
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insection: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscles.
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

30
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insection: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

31
Q

Teres Major

A

Origin: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
Insection: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates arm
Innervation: Lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)

32
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
Insection: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)

33
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin: Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
Insection: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity
Innervation: Upper and lower supscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)

34
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Origin: External surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
Insection: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Action: Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall; rotates scapula
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

35
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: Clavicular head: anterior surface of medial half of clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
Insection: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone, clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it from the flexed position
Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head (C5, C6), sternocostal head (C7, C8, T1)

36
Q

Pectoralis Minor

A

Origin: 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insection: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Action: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall.
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

37
Q

Semisspinalis cervicis

A

Origin: Transverse processes (T1-5), articular processes (C4-7)
Insection: Spinous processes of four to six vertebrae above (C2-3)
Action: Bilaterally: extend neck. Unilaterally: extend, laterally flex, and rotate neck to opposite side
Innervation: Dorsal rami of C6-8

38
Q

Levator costorum (longus brevis)

A

Origin: Lateral aspect of transverse processes (C7-T11)
Insection: Brevis: rib immediately below
Longus: second rib below
Action: Elevate ribs, may help laterally flex and rotate trunk to same side
Innervation: Sementally innervated by lateral branches of dorsal rami of spinal nerve

spinal anatomy (1 decks)

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