SPI Review Flashcards
During performance of an obstetrical ultrasound exam, you adjust the system parameters to improve the image. Which of the following parameters with increased acoustic exposure?
A. Increase gain. B. Increase TGC
C. Increase frequency D. Increase transmit power
E. Increase frame averaging
Increase transmit power
Hint: The transmit power is the only control listed that will affect the exposure to the patient. Gain, TGC, and frame averaging do not affect sound transmission and therefore do not affect exposure. Increasing frequency will not increase exposure.
What action below would be most in keeping with the ALARA principle while preforming a diagnostic ultrasound examination?
A. Allow multiple students to scan and obstetrical patient because the fetus is in a good position for imaging.
B. Prolong the sonogram to make videos of the fetus for each family member.
C. Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.
D. Maximize the acoustic output to brighten the overall image.
E. Extend the sonogram beyond the intended scope of the exam requisition.
Complete the diagnostic scan in a timely fashion at the lowest output power that achieves a quality image.
Hint: Advocating use of the ALARA principle as low as reasonably achievable prudently minimizes risk of bioeffects.
While performing a sonogram, to minimize risk to the fetus, which imaging mode trade-off would be most applicable?
A. Use M-mode instead of pulse wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate.
B. Use color Doppler instead of power Doppler to image the umbilical cord.
C. Use pulsed-wave Doppler is dad of power Doppler to evaluate the fetal heart.
D. Use harmonics instead of fundamental to image the fetal spine.
E. All of the above.
Use M-mode instead of pulsed-wave Doppler to measure the fetal heart rate.
Hint: Pulsed-waved Doppler increases the time average intensity compared to him mode.
What potential bioeffects occurs through absorption of sound energy by tissue?
A. Cavitation B. Heating
C. Attenuation D. Reflection
E. Refraction
Heating
Hint: Sound attenuation in tissue is primarily due to absorption (Conversion of ultrasound to heat).
When practicing universal precautions, you should do all of the following except:
A. Where gloves when there is a potential for contact with patient body fluid.
B. Change gloves when moving from one patient to another.
C. Wash hands immediately after gloves are removed.
D. Where face masks or eye protection when aberrant there is a possibility of blood splashing into your face.
E. Wash gloves between exam for reuse from one location to another.
Wash gloves between exams for reuse from one patient to another.
Hint: It is recommended that gloves should be worn during every ultrasound examination. They should be discarded after use.
A nosocomial infection is defined as one that is: A. Resistant to antibiotics B. Restricted to the respiratory system C. Hospital-acquired D. Not contagious E. Requires isolation
Hospital-acquired
Thermally induced biological effects should be preventable by avoiding a local tissue temperature increase exceeding:
A. 1°C B. 4°C
C. 10°C D. 95°F
E. None; thermal effects have no threshold.
1°C
Which intensity descriptor has the lowest numerical value for the characterization of a pulsed-waved ultrasonic field?
A. SATA B. SPTA
C. SATP D. SPTP
E. The intensity descriptors are only used for continuous-wave ultrasound.
SATA
Hint: SATA, a term that is in frequently used, spatial average, time average. Note this spacial peak, time average intensity; is these spatial peak, temporal peak.
Increased tissue heating could occur when you: A. Decrease frequency B. Increase transmit power C. Decrease exposure time D. Decrease pulse repetition frequency E. All of the above
Increase transmit power
Study designed to determine if there is an association between an adverse effect in a population and exposure to particular agents is:
A. Case report B. Epidemological study
C. In vitro study D. In vivo study
E. Single incident investigation
Epidemological study
Which of the following actions is not compliant with HIPAA?
A. Cropping all patient identifiers from images used for teaching purposes.
B. Refraining from disposing patient health information without proper authorization.
C. Reviewing your neighbors medical studies on your hospital PACS system so you can give her your opinion of her condition.
D. Covering your daily requisition list so that the names are not visible to patient’s and visitors.
E. All of these actions are compliant with HIPAA.
Reviewing your neighbors medical studies on your hospital PACS system so you can give her your opinion of her condition.
Hint: The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) includes rules to protect the privacy of the individuals help information. Answer C would of course violate that law.
What does the medical index indicate on an ultrasound system?
A. The maximum temperature increase in tissue
B. The minimum temperature increase in tissue
C. Acoustic power in milliwatts
D. The likelihood of the cavitation during an ultrasound exam
E. Minutes of exposure time before tissue heating is too great
The likelihood of cavitation during an ultrasound exam.
Hint: Medical index is derived from the peak rarefactional pressure and the ultrasound frequency, parameters shown to be associated with onset of cavitation.
In medicine, what does the initials PHI indicate? A. Private health indicator B. Personal heart index C. Personal health information D. Private health Institute E. Protected health information
Protected health information
What should you limit when the thermal index exceeds one? A. Overall gain B. TGC C. Exposure time D. Scanning depth E. All of the above
Exposure time
To practice ALARA principle, which of the following techniques should you employ?
A. Always use the least amount of receiver game that allows adequate tissue visualization.
B. Adjust the controls so that MI and TI readouts exceed one.
C. Use the lowest transmit power that allows adequate tissue visualization.
D. Use highest frame averaging setting.
E. Maximize exposure time.
Use the lowest transmit power that allows adequate tissue visualization.
Hint: Use a high gain and a low transmit power.
