SPHR Flashcards
Characterized by rapid increases in learning in the beginning that taper off as the learner becomes more familiar with the process or task
Negatively accelerating learning curve
Additional requirements of ADEA related to exit incentives or termination programs (RIFs)
What and When?
- RIF or layoff affecting more than 1 employee
- 45 days to consider
- list of eligibility factors for those affected
- list of job titles and ages of all individuals included and not included
Categories of expatriate issues in workforce planning
- Cost
- Foreign Business Practices
- Cultural Acclimation
This approach seeks to place the best qualified person into each position, regardless of country of origin
Geocentric
This approach fills positions int he home country with PCNs and positions in the host country with HCNs
Polycentric
Approach in which all key management positions are filled by expatriates
Ethnocentric
PCN’s
Parent Country Nationals
Measurement useful for determining the types of HR programs needed to manage and support the workforce
Accesssion Rate
Measures the number of new employees against the total number of employees
Accession Rate
The WARN act defines mass layoffs as what?
500 employees or 33% of workforce and at least 50 employees
WARN act requires ___ notice to ___
- 60 days
- individual employees or their union reps
WARN act applies to
Employers with 100 or more full time workers or 100 total working aggregate 4k hours per week
WARN unforeseeable business circumstances
Sudden and unexpected negative change - For example, cancellation of a major contract without warning
WARN act faltering company exception
Company is actively seeking funding and has reasonable expectation that it could prevent layoff and that giving notice may prevent company from obtaining funding
WARN exceptions
- Faltering company
- Unforeseen business circumstance
- Natural disaster
The WARN act defines plant closings as
50+ full time workers due to permanent or temporary shut down of a single facility
Immigration Reform and Control Act applies to
businesses with four or more employees
___ are specifically excluded from the ADA’s medical examination requirement and may be required prior to extending an offer
Drug screening tests
The ability of the tool to measures some future outcome
Predictive validity
Determines whether the tool properly measures what it is designed to measure
Construct validity
Confirms that a selection procedure samples significant parts of the job being tested
Content validity
Measures whether test or other instrument produces consistent results so that scores won’t vary over time
Reliability
Measure candidate’s ability to analyze and solve problems and draw conclusions from a set of facts
Cognitive ability test
Measure candidate’s knowledge and ability to apply skills in various areas
Aptitude test
Test of adverse impact
4/5ths or 80% rule: Adverse impact exists if the selection rate of the protected class is less than 80% of the selection rate of the group with the highest selection rate
UGESP states a selection tool producing adverse impact is discriminatory unless
- Job-related
- Valid predictor of success
Specifically exempt from UGESP
ADEA & Rehabilitation Act
What is the 2nd level of EO compliance and to whom does it apply?
- Written AAP within 120 days of origin of contract
- 50+ employees and $50k+
What is the first level of EO compliance and to whom does it apply?
- Prohibits employment discrimination and requires AA
- $10K+ in 12 months
VEVRAA provides ___ and applies to ___
- EEO and AA protection for vietnam vets
- Federal contractors and subcontractors with contracts of $25k+
Rehabilitation Act applies to
Federal government and federal contractors with contracts of $10k or more during a 12 month period
of employees for ADA coverage
15
ADEA waiver of rights requirements
- Valuable consideration
- Advice to consult with an attorney
- 21 days to review/consider
- 7 days to revoke after signing
BFOQ’s of ADEA
- Firefighters and police
- Retirements 65 or older who work in executive positions at least 2 years and are eligible for retirement benefits of at least $44k/year
- Retirements of tenured employees at institutes of higher education at age 70
- Discharge/discipline for just cause
of employees for ADEA coverage
20
of employees for Title VII coverage
15
4 Balanced Scorecard areas
- Financial Results
- Customer Results
- Key Internal Process
- How people are hired/trained to achieve org goals
Prima facie retaliation includes these elements
- Employee engaged in a protected activity
- Employer knew or suspected the employee was engaged in the activity
- Employee suffered unfavorable employment action
- Sufficient circumstances to infer a contributing factor was the activity
SOX whistle blower protection is provided by
OSHA
A practice of forecasting possible risks to the organization and taking steps to mitigate their impact on organizations
Enterprise risk management
Transactions related to product sales and the costs related to creating the product
Cost accounting
BPO provider
PEO provider
- Business process outsource
- Professional employer organization
Communicates what the company does, for whom it does it, and what long range success will look like
Vision statement
Describes the company, what it does, where it’s going, and how it’s different from other companies
Mission statement
A budgetary activity in which HR attempts to measure the value of the human resources
Human capital projecting
List the steps in the needs assessment process
- Describe the objective
- Define the current situation
- Conduct a gap analysis
- Set priorities
- Investigate and develop options
- Evaluate options and determine budget impact
- Recommend solutions
Most effective in environments of highly skilled professionals who are self-motivated and independent
Democratic style
Measures the relationship between one variable against another and allows prediction of one variable from the other
Simple linear regression
Another name for product-based structure
Customer-oriented structure
Elements of Blake-Mouton grid
P E O P L E PRODUCTION
Hersey-Blanchard style where followers have experience and motivation
Delegating
Benefits of diversity
- Workforce is more creative
- Reflects the population
- Increases the candidate pool
Types of reinforcement are part of which motivation concept?
Behavioral modification (operant conditioning)
Describe negative reinforcement
Encourages continuation of behavior by removing an unpleasant response to the behavior
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Psychological
- Safety
- Social
- Esteem
- Self-Actualization
Acquired Needs theory
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Power
Describe Theory X & Y
- Theory X managers believe employees are lazy and therefore use a top-down approach
- Theory Y managers believe employees seek challenging work. Likely to invite participation in decision making
These leaders set the ideal for the group and act as role models, inspiring excellence in the group and stimulating new ideas
Transformational leaders
Focuses on relationships in the group, building them to achieve goals
Transformational leadership
Define and list motivators according to Herzberg
Leading to satisfaction:
- Achievement
- Recognition
- The Work Itself
- Responsibility
- Advancement
- Growth
Focuses on getting the job done and seeks to do this by offering a reward
Transactional leadership
PEST analysis
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
These leaders work closely with group members to develop skills
Coaching
The study of how adults learn
Andragogy
Describe contingency theory
Utilizes the least preferred coworker scale and 3 situational aspects:
- Leader/Member relations
- Task structure
- Position power
A high LPC score indicates greater concern for ___
People
These leaders are effective in situations requiring immediate action or those that are life-threatening
Authoritarian or directive
Vroom’s expectancy theory
- Expectancy
- Instrumentality
- Valence
Define equity theory
People are constantly measuring what they put into work vs. what they get out. Demotivation leads to decreased productivity and quality
The ability of a diverse group of people to achieve org goals and a measure of a company’s ability to work with people from multiple walks of life
Cultural competence
These leaders allow members to operate on their own without direction. Leads to lower productivity
Laissez-faire
Define and list hygiene factors according to Herzberg
Leading to dissatisfaction:
- Company policy
- Supervision
- Relationship with boss
- Working conditions
- Safety
- Relationship with peers
Which acquired needs motivator is the most likely to produce an effective manager?
Power
Hersey-Blanchard style where followers are immature or inexperienced
Telling
Assigns more weight to current data with the use of a predetermined number and drops old data as new is added
Weighted moving average
Hersey Blanchard style where followers have some experience and the leader directs them in a general sense
Selling
Self knowledge - how well a person knows himself
Intrapersonal intelligence
Define valence according to Vroom
The result of calculations as to whether the possible reward is worth the effort
Requires federal contractors to list all job openings with state employment agencies, except for management jobs, positions to be filled internally, and those lasting 3 days or less
VEVRAA
Emotional intelligence & social aptitude
Interpersonal intelligence
2 key differences between Maslow and Alderfer/ERG
1) Alderfer allows that people can work on multiple levels at once
2) Frustration-regression is possible
“The absence rate is higher with new employees” - If this hypothesis is true, we would have ___
A negative correlation coefficient
Hersey-Blanchard - Followers have progressed in ability but lack motivation and require support
Participating
3 Elements of ERG Theory
Existence, Relatedness, Growth
Steps are taken to avoid the risk
Risk Avoidance
Steps are taken to reduce the risk
Risk Mitigation
Four leadership styles of Path-Goal
Directive, Supportive, Participative, Achievement
Used to compensate for data that may be out of date
Weighted average
Define instrumentality according to Vroom
Will the effort to complete the work be the instrument for obtaining the reward
Define expectancy according to Vroom
An individual’s assessment about their capabilities to successfully complete an assignment
How does Hersey-Blanchard theory describe leadership?
In terms of the maturity level of the followers:
- Psychological (motivation)
- Job Task (experience)
Provides information about the financial results of operations
Income Statement or Profit and Loss Statement
A picture of the financial condition of the organization on a specific day, usually the last of the accounting period
Balance Sheet
4 Elements needed to create a High Involvement Organization
Power, Information, Knowledge, and Rewards
In these organizations, employees are involved in designing their own work processes
High-Involvement Organziations
Provides graphical representation of the 80/20 rule
Pareto Chart
5 disciplines of the learning organization
- Systems thinking
- Personal mastery
- Mental models
- Building a shared vision
- Team learning
Three stages of change according to change process theory
Unfreezing, moving, refreezing
Organization development is a systematic way of examining an organization’s ___
Technology, processes, structure, human resources
Protect new, original, and ornamental designs of manufacturing items
Design patents
Plant patents are limited to ___
20 years
Utility patents are limited to ___
20 years
Design patents are limited to ___`
14 years
Protect the invention or discovery of asexually reproduced varieties of plants
Plant patents
Protect the invention of new and useful processes, machines, manufacture or composition of matter, and new and useful improvements of the same
Utility patents
Works for hire are protected for how long?
Shorter of 95 years from 1st year of publication or 120 years from the year of creation
Copyrights protect original works for how long?
Life of the author plus 70 years
5 Six Sigma steps
1) Define
2) Measure
3) Analyze
4) Improve
5) Control
Crosby’s 4 absolutes of quality
- Conformance to requirements
- Prevention
- Performance standards
- Measurement
Provide a graphical representation of elements that are out of the acceptable range by setting parameters above and below the range
Process-Control Chart
Aids in the development of appropriate programs to solve the individual problems that make up a whole
Stratification charts
Charts that show the individual components of a problem in addition to the total
Stratification chart
Two other names for cause and effect diagrams
Ishikawa / Fishbone diagrams
___ are representative of routing tasks, such as operating a cash register
Negatively accelerating learning curves
Characterized by a slow start in learning that increases as the learner masters different aspects of the process or task
Positively accelerating learning curves
Factors of job enrichment
- Skill variety
- Task identity
- Autonomy
- Task Significance
- Feedback
3 types of passive training methods
Lecture, Presentation, Conference
5 elements of instructional design
- Analysis
- Design
- Development
- Implementation
- Evaluation
Learner listens to and absorbs information
Passive training methods
Occurs when learner performs a task irregularly, not often enough to become proficient
Plateau learning curve
Begins with rapid increase in knowledge that levels off a period of time and no additional progress occurs for an extended period
Plateau learning curve
___ curve found in software conversion projects
S-Shaped
___ are representative of tasks that are complex
Positively accelerating learning curves
A slow learning process that accelerates over time and then slows again
S-Shaped
L E A R xx N xx I xx N xx G xx TIME IN JOB
Positively accelerating
L E A xx R xx N xx I xx N xx G xx TIME IN JOB
Negatively accelerating
If all employees are reviewed at the same time, the organization has a ___
Focal review period
A review conducted by someone other than the supervisor
Field review
Strategies of formulative evaluation
- Needs assessment
- Asking people
- Analyzing jobs
- Pilot tests
- Pre tests
Testing or previewing the content of training prior to final delivery to ensure it will result in desired behavior
Formulative evaluation
The ultimate goal of a talent assessment process is to
Align the organization workforce with key business initiatives
Effective for disseminating facts and concepts, refreshing previously learned skills, or expanding a learner’s knowledge in a field already familiar
Programmed instruction
Evaluations designed to identify what participants want, know, and need
Formulative evaluation
4 types of summative evaluation
- Reaction
- Learning
- Behavior
- Results
In this method, the learner progresses from lesson to lesson in a predesigned course of instruction
Programmed instruction
Causes of salary compression
- High-growth economy
- Organization’s compensation system is not aligned with the market
Compa-ration formula
Base / Midpoint x 100
What are compa-ratios used for?
- Comparison against a group of employees
- Providing pay / promo recommendations
A merit matrix combines a ___ with the employee’s ___ to recommend the amount of increase
- performance rating
- position in salary range
Generally speaking, an increase of ___ is provided for promotions
10%
What type of compensation program focuses on employee KSAs?
Competency-based
Competency-based compensation is used most effectively with ___
Broadband salary ranges
Effects of broadbanding
- Flatter organizations
- Facilitates lateral movement
- Greater collaboration
Legally mandated benefits
- SS
- Medicare
- Unemployment insurance
- FMLA
- Worker’s comp
- COBRA
Work hours can children work?
- School year: 7a-7p
- Summer: 7a-9p