spherical mirrors Flashcards
two types of spherical mirrors
Concave and Convex
center of the sphere from where the mirror was taken
center of curvature (C)
center of the mirror
sometimes called the pole of the mirror
Vertex (V)
radius of the sphere
distance between C and V
radius of curvature (R)
straight line joining C and V
principal axis/ optical axis
refers to the width of the mirror
Aperture (AB)
the point where the refleced rays meet as in the case of a converging mirror (Concave Mirror) or the point where the reted rays seems to come from behind a diverging mirror (Convex Mirror)
Principal Focus (F)
distance from the pole to the principal focus
midway between C and V, _______ is one half of the radius of curvature
Focal length (f)
Parallel rays strike a concave mirror, the rays will be reflected and meet at a single point- principal focus
concave mirror converging
when parallel rays strike it, the reflected rays spread out and never come to a focus
convex mirror is diverging mirror
reflected rays extended in a convex mirror they would appear or seem to come from a single point behind the mirror
principal focus of the convex mirror
principal focus in concave mirrors
Real
principal focus of convex mirror
virtual
T or F
A concave mirror is a CONVERGING mirror. A convex mirror is a DIVERGING mirror.
T
T or F
Image formed by a convex mirror is never real because the reflected rays spread out from the mirror
T
Virtual
Upright
Smaller than the Object
Inage formed by convex mirror
T or F
A concave mirror can produce real or virtual images depending on the distance between the mirror and the object.
T
location of object: very far (at infinity)
Location of Image:
At F
real, inverted, very small ( almost a point)
Location of object:
Beyond C
location of image:
Between C and F
real, inverted, smaller than the object
Location of object:
At C
Location of image:
At C
real, inverted, same size as the object
Location of object:
Between C and F
Location of image:
Beyond C
real, inverted, bigger than the object
Location of object:
At F
Location of Image:
At Infinity
no image formed because all reflected rays are parallel
Location of object:
between F and V
Location of Image:
Back of mirror
virtual, upright, bigger than the object
T or F
Virtual images formed by convex mirrors are smaller than the object
T
T or F
Virtual images formed by plane mirrors are the same size as the object
T
T or F
Concave mirrors are bigger than the object
T
1) A ray passing through the center of curvature is reflected along itself.
2) A ray parallel to the optical axis is relfected thorugh the principal focus as in cass of concerging mirrors or when extended it appears to come from principal focus as in case of diverging mirrors. Broken lines are used to indicate an extended ray.
3) A ray passing through the focus (or which when extended passes through the focus) is reflected parallel to the optical axis.
4) A ray striking the vertex of the mirror is reflected at an equal angle on the opposite side of the principal axis
Memorize gags
f= focal length
R=radius of curvature
do=object distance from the vertex of the mirror
di=image distance from the vertex of the mirror
memorize
Focal Length:
Positive ?
Negative ?
1) concave mirror
2) convex mirror
di:
Positive: ?
Negative ?
Real
Virtual
do:
always ?
positive
position of the lens equation?
mirror/lens equation
mirror/lens equation
1/do + 1/di =1/f = 2/R
calculate orientation and size of the image
Magnification Equation
Magnification Equation:
Positive: ?
Negative: ?
Upright
Inverted
Magnification Equation:
Greater than 1: ?
Less than 1: ?
Equal to 1: ?
Enlarged
Reduced
Same Size
Magnification Equation
M= |(-) di/do|
cut out of a spherical reflecting surface
spherical mirrors
a ray coming on to the mirror parallel to the axis
Paraxial Ray
