SPEX 203

Question 1

Length tension velocity relationship

Answer 1

If velocity is high, force is low

Question 2

power

Answer 2

work/ time

Question 3

Type 1 fibres

Answer 3

slow twitch, flatigue resistant

Question 4

Type 2 fibres

Answer 4

fast twitch, flatigue quickly

Question 5

Why are children less strong than adults

Answer 5

Same muscle quality but less muscle mass

Question 6

sarcopenia

Answer 6

active loss of muscle

Question 7

What motor units are recruited first?

Answer 7

The smallest ones (size principle)

Question 8

When is muscle power maximised?

Answer 8

At moverate force and velocity

Question 9

Flatigue

Answer 9

Reduction in strength

Question 10

“The Central Governor model predicts that performance during the marathon [endurance events] is set by the subconscious brain
specifically to ensure that the athlete reaches the finish line whilst still in physiological homeostasis”, what priciple does this show?

Answer 10

Anticipatory Behavioral regulation

Question 11

Ergometry

Answer 11

The measurement of mechanical energy production

Question 12

Ergometer

Answer 12

A device from which work & power can be determined

Question 13

Strength

Answer 13

The maximum force that a muscle group can produce in a single movement

Question 14

Work equation

Answer 14

force x displacement

Question 15

Force equation

Answer 15

mass x acceleration

Question 16

Power

Answer 16

Rate of doing work

Question 17

Endurance

Answer 17

ability to maintain force or repeated movements

Question 18

Respiration

Answer 18

Aerobic metabolism

Question 19

hyperpnoea

Answer 19

increased ventilation

Question 20

2 main functions of respiratory system

Answer 20

to oxygenate blood and eleiminate carbon dioxide

Question 21

Is inspiration active or passive?

Answer 21

active

Question 22

Is expiration active or passive?

Answer 22

passive

Question 23

Tidal volume equation

Answer 23

Tidal volume = aviolar volume + dead space volume

Question 24

Aviolar ventilation is controled by what 4 aspects of inspiration?

Answer 24

Duration, force, frequency, and resistance

Question 25

Where are the inspiratory neurons?

Answer 25

In the medial medulla, next to the expiratory neurons

Question 26

How does increased ventilation help with posture?

Answer 26

It stiffens the trunk/ thorax

Question 27

Extent of gas dissolving into a fluid depends on?

Answer 27

Pressure, Solubility, Temperature and Time

Question 28

Key stages in O2 and CO2 exchange between atmosphere and blood

Answer 28

Aviolar ventilation and Aviolar blood transfer

Question 29

What increases first tidal volume or tidal frequency?

Answer 29

Tidal volume

Question 30

What is important for buffering H+ in excersise?

Answer 30

The lungs and Bicarbonate (HCO3)

Question 31

What are the two parts of the cardiorespiratory systems and their functions?

Answer 31

Systemic= deoxygenisation
Pulmonary= reoxygenisation

Question 32

Types of blood vessels?

Answer 32

Arteries, arteriols, cappillaries, venules, veins

Question 33

VO2 equation

Answer 33

VO2 = Stroke volume x Heart rate x a-VO2 difference

Question 34

Aerobic power & fitness depends on ability to… (four things)

Answer 34

1. increase cardiac output (SV and HR)
2. carry arterial oxygen
3. redistribute blood flow to active muscles
4. extract oxygen from blood in those muscles.

Question 35

What is the hearts main fuel at rest?

Answer 35

Fatty acids

Question 36

What is the hearts main fuel during hard excersise?

Answer 36

Lactate

Question 37

What does a lower resting HR indicate?

Answer 37

Less cardiac O2 demand and higher potential for power

Question 38

Intrinsic regulator of Stroke Volume?

Answer 38

Starling law of heart

Question 39

Extrinsic regulators of HR? (3)

Answer 39

1. Nural drive
2. Hormones (from adrenal medulla or SNS)
3. Temperature (7 beats per degree)