Sperm Wars 3: Rape Flashcards
How many women experience rape?
1 out of 6, 6 or 15%
Most cases are? And involve?
Non-violent and involve women of fertility age
Minority cases are? And involve?
Violent and involve women past their fertility age
T/F: Women are more likely to conceive after rape than after routine sex.
True
T/F: Trauma of rape halts ovulation.
False. It actually stimulates ovulation.
T/F: Humans are the only species that rape.
False
What are 2 ways to avoid being raped?
- Avoid risky situations
2. Take advantage of protection
What are 3 risk’s of rape?
- Infection
- Violence
- Retribution
Why do men rape?
One strategy is to increase the number of women who will have his children.
- Not the only species
- Can bypass women’s defenses, as well as her protectors.
- Tend to be small
Gang Rape
2 Thoughts about rapists are
- Rapist are a genetic minority
- All men are potential rapists
During wartime what happens to rape rates?
All forms of rape increase dramatically
What are 3 reasons for the wartime phenomenon?
- Successful army has removed other males that might defend her.
- Mobility and confusion of war makes it difficult for them to be tracked down.
- Ever present risk of death in war makes rape consequences seem trivial.
What is one of the key elements of the ebb and flow of genes across the Earth’s surface?
Wartime Rape
How many men are raped?
1 out of every 33
T/F: Acquaintance rape is more common than stranger rape?
True. 80ish %
How often is rape reported in the US?
Every 5 minutes
T/F: Rape is the most reported violent crime in America?
False. It’s the most UNreported violent crime.
What percent of college students experience unwanted sexual intercourse within the context of dating situations?
15%
What percent of sexual victimization are perpetrated by a husbands, lovers, or dates?
70%
Why is rape underestimated and under reported?
Because of social stigma
Characteristics of rape victims are
- Young
- Attractive
- 16 to 35 years old
3 times more likely to suffer from?
Depression
6 times more likely to suffer from?
PTSD
13 times more likely to suffer from?
Alcohol abuse
26 times more likely to suffer from?
Drug abuse
4 times more likely to suffer from?
Suicidal thoughts
Characteristics of a rapist
- Low self-esteem
- Low in desirability
- Low income or lower class
What two things can influence the occurrence of rape?
Culture and Context
According to Craig Palmer rape is a byproduct of what 4 evolved mechanisms?
- Male desire for sexual variety
- Male desire for low cost sex
- The general capacity of men to use physical aggression to achieve their goals.
- Psychological sensitivity to sexual opportunities.
Randy Thornhill states men have evolved rape adaptations-specialized psychological mechanisms for forcing sex on unwilling women as a reproduction strategy. His theory consists of what 6 adaptations?
- Assessment of the vulnerability of potential rape victims.
- A context-sensitive “switch” that motivates rape in men who lack sexual access to consenting partners
- A preference for maximally fertile rape victims
- An increase in sperm counts of rape ejaculates
- Sexual arousal in men specifically to the use of force or to signs of female resistance
- Context-specific marital rape in circumstances where sperm competition might exist
What are the 5 anti-rape adaptions?
- Psychological pain upon rate that motivates avoiding rape in the future
- Formation of alliances with other males as “special friends” for protection
- Formation of female-female coalition for protection
- Specialized fears that motivate women to avoid situations in which they might be in danger of rape
- The shunning of risky activities during ovulation to decrease the odds of sexual assault when they are most likely to occur
