Speed And Gravity Flashcards
What is speed?
Speed is the distance traveled per unit of time.
What is the formula for calculating speed?
Speed = Distance / Time
True or False: Speed is a scalar quantity.
True
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is scalar; velocity is a vector that includes direction.
Fill in the blank: The unit of speed in the metric system is _____
meters per second (m/s)
What is gravitational acceleration at Earth’s surface?
Approximately 9.81 m/s²
True or False: Gravity affects all objects equally regardless of their mass.
True
What does Newton’s law of universal gravitation state?
Every mass attracts every other mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
What is the formula for gravitational force?
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r²
What does ‘G’ represent in the gravitational force formula?
G is the gravitational constant, approximately 6.674 × 10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)².
Fill in the blank: The acceleration due to gravity decreases as _____ increases.
distance from the center of the mass
What is terminal velocity?
The constant speed an object reaches when the force of gravity is balanced by the drag force.
True or False: An object in free fall experiences no air resistance.
True
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
Approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
What is the primary factor that affects the speed of an object in free fall?
Gravity
What is the relationship between speed and distance in uniform motion?
In uniform motion, speed is constant, and distance is directly proportional to time.
Fill in the blank: The speed of sound in air at 20°C is approximately _____
343 meters per second.
What happens to the speed of an object as it falls freely under gravity?
The speed increases due to gravitational acceleration.
True or False: Gravity is stronger on the Moon than on Earth.
False
What is the effect of gravity on projectile motion?
Gravity causes the projectile to follow a curved path and eventually fall back to Earth.
What is the escape velocity from Earth’s surface?
Approximately 11.2 kilometers per second.
Fill in the blank: The force of gravity between two objects is _____ proportional to the distance between them.
inversely
What is the primary reason why astronauts feel weightless in space?
They are in free fall, experiencing continuous free fall towards Earth.
What is the relationship between speed and kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the speed (KE = 1/2 mv²).
True or False: An object with greater mass has greater gravitational force.
True
What is the term for the speed of an object relative to the speed of light?
Relativistic speed
Fill in the blank: The gravitational pull of Earth is approximately _____ times stronger than that of the Moon.
6
What is free fall?
The motion of an object under the influence of gravity alone.
What is the principle of equivalence in general relativity?
It states that gravitational and inertial mass are equivalent.
What is the effect of air resistance on falling objects?
It reduces the acceleration and can lead to terminal velocity.
Fill in the blank: The distance an object falls in free fall is proportional to the _____ of the time.
square
What is a geostationary orbit?
An orbit where a satellite remains fixed relative to a point on Earth’s surface.
True or False: The speed of an object in a circular orbit is constant.
True
What is the relationship between speed and wavelength in wave motion?
Speed = Frequency × Wavelength
What is the term for the maximum speed at which information can travel?
Speed of light
What happens to gravitational force as the distance between two objects increases?
It decreases.
Fill in the blank: The gravitational force between two objects is _____ related to the product of their masses.
directly
What is the effect of increasing speed on kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy increases exponentially with speed.
What is the term for the speed at which an object must travel to break free from a gravitational field?
Escape velocity
True or False: Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental forces.
True
What is the role of gravity in the formation of planets?
Gravity pulls together dust and gas to form larger bodies.
Fill in the blank: The acceleration due to gravity on Mars is _____ m/s².
3.71
What is gravitational potential energy?
The energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field.
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy?
PE = mgh
True or False: An object in orbit is in free fall.
True
What is the effect of gravity on time, according to general relativity?
Time runs slower in stronger gravitational fields.
What is the term for the path followed by a projectile under the influence of gravity?
Trajectory
Fill in the blank: The gravitational force is _____ at the center of the Earth.
zero
What is the relationship between speed and mass in kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy increases with the square of speed, not mass.
What is the standard unit for measuring gravitational force?
Newton (N)
True or False: Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object.
True
What is the formula to convert speed from kilometers per hour to meters per second?
Multiply by 1000 and divide by 3600.
Fill in the blank: The acceleration due to gravity is _____ on the surface of Jupiter compared to Earth.
greater
What is the effect of altitude on gravitational force?
Gravitational force decreases with increasing altitude.
What is the term for the distance an object travels while accelerating?
Displacement
True or False: The speed of an object can be negative.
False
What is the term for the change in velocity over time?
Acceleration
Fill in the blank: The gravitational force between two objects increases as their _____ increases.
mass
What is the term for the energy stored due to an object’s position?
Potential energy
What is the relationship between mass and weight?
Weight is the force exerted by gravity on an object’s mass.
What is the speed of a freely falling object after 5 seconds?
Approximately 49.05 m/s (using g = 9.81 m/s²).
True or False: An object thrown upward will eventually stop and fall back down due to gravity.
True
What is the principle of conservation of energy in the context of speed and gravity?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
Fill in the blank: The gravitational force is _____ related to the square of the distance between two objects.
inversely
What is the formula for calculating gravitational potential energy?
PE = mgh
What is the impact of gravity on the motion of planets?
Gravity keeps planets in orbit around stars.
What is the effect of gravity on light?
Gravity can bend the path of light, a phenomenon known as gravitational lensing.
What is the relationship between speed and time in uniformly accelerated motion?
Speed increases linearly with time.
Fill in the blank: The force of gravity is _____ on the surface of a neutron star.
extremely strong
