Speech Therapy

Question 1

A language impairment resulting in difficulty understanding, speaking, reading, writing, and gesturing

Answer 1

aphasia

Question 2

any type of langauge impairment is known as

Answer 2

aphasia

Question 3

aphasia definition

Answer 3

• difficulty using language
• any type of language impariment
• one aspect/category/area can be more effected than others, or they can all be impacted equally

Question 4

those with aphasia may have difficulty with what 5 aspects of language?

Answer 4

• understanding
• speaking
• reading
• writing
• gesturing

Question 5

where is the lesion in Broca’s (non fluent) aphasia?

Answer 5

site of lesion is the inferior frontal gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere

Question 6

6 characteristics of brocas aphasia

Answer 6

1) word-finding difficulty
2) automatic speech
3) auditory comprehension problems
4) problems with readinga nd writing
5) paraphasic errors
6) perseverations

Question 7

describe wordfinding difficulty

Answer 7

know the word they want to say but can’t find it (brocas)

Question 8

what is automatic speech

Answer 8

alphabet, happy birthday, count 1-10, learned automatic responses, common phrases such as hi or various swear words (brocas)

Question 9

auditory comprehnsion problems can include

Answer 9

issues following simple commands or with complex things (brocas)

Question 10

what are parahasic errors

Answer 10

using the wrong word. Ask someone what an object is (ex pen) and they say knife or spoon. Sometimes they are aware they are using the incorrect word- frustrating for pt

Question 11

what are perseverations

Answer 11

ask pt to name a pen, he names it correctly and then that word is stuck for every other object you ask him to name

Question 12

communication strategies for patients with non-fluent aphasia

Answer 12

face the patient when speaking, speak slower in short sentences, use facial expressions and gestures, don’t shout, don’t use idioms, use semantic and phonemic cues to assist with wordfidning, don’t ignore them, check to make sure they understnad you

Question 13

fluent aphasia is also called

Answer 13

Wernicke’s

Question 14

site of lesion for fluent aphasia

Answer 14

superior convolution of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum

Question 15

6 characteristics of fluent aphasia

Answer 15

1) neologisms
2) literal paraphasias
3) verbal paraphasias
4) impaired self monitoring
5) intact inflection
6) frustration

Question 16

t/f even if 10 people had the same lesion, they could all still present with a variety of symptoms

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what are neologisms?

Answer 17

Words that aren’t words - may even sound as though the patient is speaking in a different langauge because it is so fluent

Question 18

what are literal paraphasias

Answer 18

more than half of the intended word is present/correct.

Trying to say the word pipe you might say pike instead of pipe. One sound is off.

Question 19

what are verbal paraphasias

Answer 19

another word is substituted for the intended word. Might say spoon instead of fork. Words are in the same category but still not the correct word. Could also say sink instead of dog, in which there is no connection at all.

Question 20

what is impaired self monitoring?

Answer 20

patient is not aware that what they are saying is not actually correct (it is not soudning like what they are thinking in their minds)

Question 21

T/F in broca’s aphasia, patients know when they use the incorrect word compared to what they wanted to say

Answer 21

true. in fluent aphasia, patients are NOT aware of this

Question 22

communication strategies for fluent aphasia

Answer 22

• confirm what you think they meant to say by saying it back to them
• “im trying to understand” is a good response
• use graphics to communicate (drawing, writing)
• some patients with fluent aphasia will be able to write and others will not

Question 23

what is dysarthria?

Answer 23

a speech disorder resulting from an injury to the brain, characterized by decreased strength, ROM, and rate of motion of the muscles used for speaking.

Question 24

dysarthria affects what 4 components of speech?

Answer 24

1) articulatory precision
2) rate
3) volume
4) nasality of speech

Question 25

dysarthria is also known as

Answer 25

slurred speech

will ofteen have hypernasal speech

Question 26

therapeutic approaches for dysarthria

Answer 26

• ex to increase strength/coordination of speech/oral musculature
• ex to improve breath support
• improve audtiory discrimiation skills for self-monitoring
• improve ability to self-monitor
• palatal lift applicance may be considered
• voice amplifier (microphone)

Question 27

what is apraxia of speech

Answer 27

a speech disorder resulting from an injury to the brain, characterized by difficulty with purposeful movement of the speech muscles to form words. no paralysis of the muscles, but patient has poor voluntary control

Question 28

in this condition, the brain has trouble communicating with the muscles to tell them what to do to form words

Answer 28

apraxia of speech

Question 29

how are the muscles impacted in apraxia of speech?

Answer 29

they are not - the muscles are intact but there is difficulty with voluntary control

Question 30

apraxia of speech - automatic things….

Answer 30

automatic things like blowing out a match or licking food off your lips may still be intact. however, speech is a voluntary mvmt not automatic

Question 31

characteristics of apraxia of speech

Answer 31

• difficulty with voice production, making lip mvmts, and controlling placement of the tongue
• poor initial place of articulation: first part of a word may be the hardest to get out
• automatic speech is intact (couting, singing, alphabet)

Question 32

therapetuic approaches for apraxia of speech

Answer 32

• augmentative communication tools: writing, spelling board, comupter speech generator
• oral imitation and speech drills
• melodic intonation therapy: using singing to generate speech
• these patients must relearn how to make sounds come out