Speech Therapy Flashcards
A language impairment resulting in difficulty understanding, speaking, reading, writing, and gesturing
aphasia
any type of langauge impairment is known as
aphasia
aphasia definition
- difficulty using language
- any type of language impariment
- one aspect/category/area can be more effected than others, or they can all be impacted equally
those with aphasia may have difficulty with what 5 aspects of language?
- understanding
- speaking
- reading
- writing
- gesturing
where is the lesion in Broca’s (non fluent) aphasia?
site of lesion is the inferior frontal gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere
6 characteristics of brocas aphasia
1) word-finding difficulty
2) automatic speech
3) auditory comprehension problems
4) problems with readinga nd writing
5) paraphasic errors
6) perseverations
describe wordfinding difficulty
know the word they want to say but can’t find it (brocas)
what is automatic speech
alphabet, happy birthday, count 1-10, learned automatic responses, common phrases such as hi or various swear words (brocas)
auditory comprehnsion problems can include
issues following simple commands or with complex things (brocas)
what are parahasic errors
using the wrong word. Ask someone what an object is (ex pen) and they say knife or spoon. Sometimes they are aware they are using the incorrect word- frustrating for pt
what are perseverations
ask pt to name a pen, he names it correctly and then that word is stuck for every other object you ask him to name
communication strategies for patients with non-fluent aphasia
face the patient when speaking, speak slower in short sentences, use facial expressions and gestures, don’t shout, don’t use idioms, use semantic and phonemic cues to assist with wordfidning, don’t ignore them, check to make sure they understnad you
fluent aphasia is also called
Wernicke’s
site of lesion for fluent aphasia
superior convolution of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum
6 characteristics of fluent aphasia
1) neologisms
2) literal paraphasias
3) verbal paraphasias
4) impaired self monitoring
5) intact inflection
6) frustration
t/f even if 10 people had the same lesion, they could all still present with a variety of symptoms
true
what are neologisms?
Words that aren’t words - may even sound as though the patient is speaking in a different langauge because it is so fluent
what are literal paraphasias
more than half of the intended word is present/correct.
Trying to say the word pipe you might say pike instead of pipe. One sound is off.
what are verbal paraphasias
another word is substituted for the intended word. Might say spoon instead of fork. Words are in the same category but still not the correct word. Could also say sink instead of dog, in which there is no connection at all.
what is impaired self monitoring?
patient is not aware that what they are saying is not actually correct (it is not soudning like what they are thinking in their minds)
T/F in broca’s aphasia, patients know when they use the incorrect word compared to what they wanted to say
true. in fluent aphasia, patients are NOT aware of this
communication strategies for fluent aphasia
- confirm what you think they meant to say by saying it back to them
- “im trying to understand” is a good response
- use graphics to communicate (drawing, writing)
- some patients with fluent aphasia will be able to write and others will not
what is dysarthria?
a speech disorder resulting from an injury to the brain, characterized by decreased strength, ROM, and rate of motion of the muscles used for speaking.
dysarthria affects what 4 components of speech?
1) articulatory precision
2) rate
3) volume
4) nasality of speech
