Speech/Swallowing Flashcards
1
Q
How is speech assessed?
A
Examination of speech mechanisms during non-speech activities (including cranial nerve assessment with a focus on CNV, VII, IX, X, XII) Conversation (informal assessment) Case Hx Discussion with family Formal communication screen
2
Q
Define dysphagia
A
Swallowing impairment
3
Q
What are the 3 phases of the swallow?
A
Oral
Pharyngeal
Oesophageal
4
Q
How is dysphagia managed?
A
Diet and fluid modification
Compensatory strategies
Exercise and therapy techniques
Education for family, friends and staff
5
Q
Types of dysfunction which may contribute to an oral dysphagia
A
Reduced lip closure Reduced tongue control/sensation Premature spillage into the pharynx Disordered transfer of the bolus Nasal regurgitation Increased mastication time Pooling of food/fluid through oral cavity
6
Q
Types of dysfunction which may contribute to a pharyngeal dysphagia
A
Delay in swallow initiation Absent swallow reflex Incoordinated swallow Pharyngeal residue Reduced airway protection causing laryngeal penetration/aspiration Upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction
7
Q
How is dysphagia assessed?
A
Case Hx Cranial nerve assessment Bedside swallow assessment Monitor chest, SpO2, NS reports, temperature If indicated, videofluoroscopy
8
Q
Indication for NBM
A
CNXII, IX, X - risk of silent aspiration due to a lack of sensation
Any kind of brainstem stroke: do a videofluoroscopy
