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Speech > Speech Midterm > Flashcards

Speech Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

Stage Fright

A

Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience.

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2
Q

Visualization

A

Mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation.

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3
Q

Critical Thinking

A

Focused, organized thinking about such things the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion.

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4
Q

Speaker

A

The person who is presenting an oral message to a listener.

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5
Q

Message

A

Whatever a speaker communicates to someone else.

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6
Q

Channel

A

The means by which a message is communicated.

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7
Q

Listener

A

The person who receives the speaker’s message.

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8
Q

Frame of Reference

A

The sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No 2 people can have the same exact frame of reference.

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9
Q

Feedback

A

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.

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10
Q

Interference

A

Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interference can be external or internal to listeners.

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11
Q

Situation

A

The time and place in which speech communication occurs.

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12
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

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13
Q

Adrenaline

A

A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress.

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14
Q

Positive Nervousness

A

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation.

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15
Q

Plagiarism

A

Presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own.

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16
Q

Hearing

A

The vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain.

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17
Q

Listening

A

Paying close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.

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18
Q

Appreciative Listening

A

Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.

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19
Q

Empathic Listening

A

Listening to provide emotional support for a speaker.

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20
Q

Comprehensive Listening

A

Listening to understand the message of a speaker.

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21
Q

Critical Listening

A

Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.

22
Q

Spare “Brain time”

A

The difference between the rate at which most people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language.

23
Q

Active Listening

A

Giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker’s point of view.

24
Q

Chronological Order

A

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.

25
Q

Topical Order

A

A method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.

26
Q

Extemporaneous Speech

A

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

27
Q

Brainstorming

A

A method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.

28
Q

General Purpose

A

The broad goal of a speech

29
Q

Specific Purpose

A

A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.

30
Q

Central Idea

A

A one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech.

31
Q

Residual Message

A

What a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech.

32
Q

Catalogue

A

A listing of all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

33
Q

Abstract

A

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

34
Q

Academic Database

A

A database that catalogues articles from scholarly journals.

35
Q

Virtual Library

A

A search engine that combines internet technology with traditional library methods of cataloguing and assessing data.

36
Q

Preliminary Bibliography

A

A list complied early in the research process of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

37
Q

Spatial Order

A

A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.

38
Q

Causal Order

A

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.

39
Q

Nonverbal Communication

A

Communication based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.

40
Q

Manuscript Speech

A

A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

41
Q

Impromptu Speech

A

A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

42
Q

Extemporaneous Speech

A

A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

43
Q

Volume

A

The loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.

44
Q

Pitch

A

The highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.

45
Q

Inflections

A

Changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker’s voice.

46
Q

Vocal Variety

A

Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness.

47
Q

Pronunciation

A

The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.

48
Q

Articulation

A

The physical production of particular speech sounds.

49
Q

Dialect

A

A variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

50
Q

Informative Speech

A

A speech designed to convey knowledge and understanding.

51
Q

Description

A

A statement that depicts a person, event, idea, or the like with clarity and vividness.

52
Q

Comparison

A

A statement of the similarities among two or more people, events, ideas, etc.

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