speech features

Question 1

Define stress

Answer 1

emphasising a word or phrase

Question 2

Define inotation

Answer 2

how the pitch of our voices goes up and down as we speak

Question 3

Define tempo

Answer 3

the pace at which we speak

Question 4

Define volume

Answer 4

how loud we speak

Question 5

Define accent

Answer 5

distinctive ways of pronouncing words/phrases according to geographical location

Question 6

Define fillers

Answer 6

a non-verbal sound that acts like a pause- “umm”, “like”, “uhhh”

Question 7

Define hedging

Answer 7

a word/ phrase used to fill gaps- “perhaps”, “maybe”, “probably”

Question 8

Unintentional repetition

Answer 8

repeating chunks of information individual words- “yeah, yeah I can”

Question 9

Define a pause

Answer 9

natural pauses/ long periods

Question 10

Define a false start

Answer 10

when a speaker begins to speak then stops and starts again- “I, I thinks so”

Question 11

Define repair

Answer 11

when a speaker goes back to what they said and corrects it- “were going to my- I mean our friends house”

Question 12

Define adjacency pairs

Answer 12

two utterances by two speakers-
EG:
Compliment- thanks
Question- answer

Question 13

Define overlap

Answer 13

when two speakers talk over each other typically started by interruption

Question 14

Define interuption

Answer 14

when one speaker talks over another

Question 15

what are the three question types and give examples with them

Answer 15

Open question- invites a deeper response not just “yes or no”

Closed question- is a question inviting “yes or no”

Tag question- a short question added at the end of a sentence often inviting agreement “its cold today ISN’T IT”

Question 16

Define speaker select

Answer 16

the speaker selects who answers
“what are you doing Tom”

Question 17

define a discourse marker

Answer 17

words, phrases or clauses that help organise what we say or write- “ok, so, as I was saying”

Question 18

Define back-channeling and the two types

Answer 18

ways or responding to others speech- could be minimal “yes I see” or murmured agreement “hmm”

Question 19

Define slang

Answer 19

contemporary, informal, fashionable terms- often used by the younger generation (may be seen as short lived).
eg: “milf” or “fam”

Question 20

Define colloquialism

Answer 20

established informal expressions that sound in place of a formal term ( “dad” instead of “father”)

Question 21

Define contraction

Answer 21

the shortening of words eg: “don’t”, “won’t”, “can’t”

Question 22

Define elision

Answer 22

merging of two words “dunno” “wanna”

Question 23

Define a cliche

Answer 23

overused expression “at the end of the day” “to be honest”

Question 24

Define expletives

Answer 24

swear words

Question 25

Define deixies

Answer 25

the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time place or person in context. eg: words like “tomorrow”, “they’re” “there”

Question 26

Define ellipses

Answer 26

missing words out the omission of words
eg:
“what do you want for lunch”
“ham sandwich”
- not “I would like a ham-sandwich”

Question 27

what is non-standard grammar

Answer 27

grammar the doesn’t conform to standard English rules.
eg: “I ain’t got none”, “ we was going to”

Question 28

list the 5 main features of speech

Answer 28

lexis
phonology( non-verbal communication)
non-fluency
grammar
structure(turn taking)