speech features Flashcards
Define stress
emphasising a word or phrase
Define inotation
how the pitch of our voices goes up and down as we speak
Define tempo
the pace at which we speak
Define volume
how loud we speak
Define accent
distinctive ways of pronouncing words/phrases according to geographical location
Define fillers
a non-verbal sound that acts like a pause- “umm”, “like”, “uhhh”
Define hedging
a word/ phrase used to fill gaps- “perhaps”, “maybe”, “probably”
Unintentional repetition
repeating chunks of information individual words- “yeah, yeah I can”
Define a pause
natural pauses/ long periods
Define a false start
when a speaker begins to speak then stops and starts again- “I, I thinks so”
Define repair
when a speaker goes back to what they said and corrects it- “were going to my- I mean our friends house”
Define adjacency pairs
two utterances by two speakers-
EG:
Compliment- thanks
Question- answer
Define overlap
when two speakers talk over each other typically started by interruption
Define interuption
when one speaker talks over another
what are the three question types and give examples with them
Open question- invites a deeper response not just “yes or no”
Closed question- is a question inviting “yes or no”
Tag question- a short question added at the end of a sentence often inviting agreement “its cold today ISN’T IT”
Define speaker select
the speaker selects who answers
“what are you doing Tom”
define a discourse marker
words, phrases or clauses that help organise what we say or write- “ok, so, as I was saying”
Define back-channeling and the two types
ways or responding to others speech- could be minimal “yes I see” or murmured agreement “hmm”
Define slang
contemporary, informal, fashionable terms- often used by the younger generation (may be seen as short lived).
eg: “milf” or “fam”
Define colloquialism
established informal expressions that sound in place of a formal term ( “dad” instead of “father”)
Define contraction
the shortening of words eg: “don’t”, “won’t”, “can’t”
Define elision
merging of two words “dunno” “wanna”
Define a cliche
overused expression “at the end of the day” “to be honest”
Define expletives
swear words
Define deixies
the use of general words and phrases to refer to a specific time place or person in context. eg: words like “tomorrow”, “they’re” “there”
Define ellipses
missing words out the omission of words
eg:
“what do you want for lunch”
“ham sandwich”
- not “I would like a ham-sandwich”
what is non-standard grammar
grammar the doesn’t conform to standard English rules.
eg: “I ain’t got none”, “ we was going to”
list the 5 main features of speech
lexis
phonology( non-verbal communication)
non-fluency
grammar
structure(turn taking)
