Speech Errors Flashcards
Includes shifts in phonemes; still end up with real words
Ex: “He’s chipping the flannel.” “You have hissed all my mystery lectures.”
Spoonerisms
These errors represent unconscious or repressed thoughts impinging on behavior
Ex: “I don’t want to ruin this lovely recession.” (reception)
“My grandmother lied.” (died)
Freudian slip
Any sentence in which 1 word has been used incorrectly in place of another
Ex: “They understand the importance if bondage between a mother and child.” (bonding)
Malapropisms
Adding a phoneme
Addition
When the later phoneme influences the production of an earlier one
Ex: “Bake my bike.” “Leading list.”
Anticipation/Anticipatory
When part of the articulation is hard to do; involves combining parts of 2 words or eliminating syllables
Ex: “Post Toasties” = “Posties”
“Post station” = “Postation”
Haplologies
Includes morpheme exchanges; 1 part of the word or sentence is exchanged with another
Ex: “I’ll get my model renosed.” (nose, remodeled)
“Before I flant the plowers, I have to weed the garden.” (plant, flowers) - the error stayed at on the left side of the comma and didn’t cross the clausal boundary
Exchange
Involves metathesis and spoonerisms
Ex: “Juice and Brudy” - (Judy and Bruce)
Reversals
Involves combining parts of 2 individual words
Ex: “He is looking to be spaddled.” (spanked, paddled)
“Billary” - (Bill and Hillary)
Blends
When the unstressed part of a word is often removed
Ex: “Mutter intelligibly.” (unintelligibly)
Deletion
When the earlier phoneme influences the production of the later one
Ex: “Pulled a pantrum” (tantrum)
“Beef needle” (noodle)
Perseveration/perseveratory
An error with word selection
Ex: “At a low speed, it’s too light.” (heavy)
Substitution
When words are misordered
Ex: “I have to fill up my gas with car.” (car, gas)
“Once I stop I can’t start.” (start, stop)
Word exchanges
When phrase structures are misordered
Ex: Intended - “I sent a letter to my grandmother.”
Error - “I sent my grandmother to a letter.” (NP error)
Phrase exchanges
When words exchange with words of the same category –> nouns with nouns, verbs with verbs, adjectives with adjectives
When phrases exchange with phrases with NPs and NPs, beginning phonemes and beginning phonemes, etc.
Exchanges within the same category
Impossible errors:
Errors do NOT generally occur in…
Function words
Experimentally induced errors are subject to bias because…
(2 reasons)
- you may not notice some of them
- if you count your own, you may not remember them
With experimentally induced errors, people will produce a slip of the tongue ____-____% of the time
10-15%
- doesn’t mean that you have a problem, it just means that sometimes articulation is hard to plan
The existence of speech errors at different levels is ______ that these levels _____!
Evidence, exist
Experimentally induced errors involve…
Participants being presented with “bias pairs” and then a “target pair”
Ex: Dart - Board
Dust - Bin
Duck Bill
Barn - Door (people may say “Darn bore”)
