speech communication disorders Flashcards
who are the main players
WHO- world health organization
CDC- center for disease control
ASHA- american speech language hearing association
MEDICARE
State early intervention service
who is the SLP?
person trained in assessing and intervening disorders of speech( articulation, voice, fluency) language(receptive/expressive) and swallowing( dysphasia). also involved in accent reduction and transgender voice treatment
what does the audiologist do?
measures, prevent disorders of hearing and balance , and assess hearing abilities
(they treat patients across the lifespan and are present at the newborns first hearing screening)
who or what counts as a referral to an SLP
developmental history
hearing screening or hearing test
parent, teacher, doctor
* an SLP must have a referral source to evaluate or begin treatment*
who gives referral to an audiologist
no one!! audiologists are independent professional who can practice without prescription from any healthcare providers
evidence base practice EBP is based on two assumptions
- clinical skills (not just from experience but from the currently available data)
- expert SLP or audiologist (continually seek new therapeutic info to improve efficacy)
what IS a communication disorder?
the inability to receive, and send, process, and comprehend concepts of verbal nonverbal and graphic info.
-can affect hearing, language, or speech processes
- range is mild, moderate, severe. profound
- may be developmental or acquired
what ARE communication disorders?
- speech disorder- the atypical on speech sounds, interruption in the flow of speaking or abnormal productions and or/ absences of voice quality( pitch, loudness, resonance, duration)
- language disorder- an impairment in the comprehension and or us of spoken, written and/or other symbolic systems ( such as English
- hearing disorder- the result of. impaired sensitivity auditory or hearing system ( deaf or hard of hearing)
what is communication?
exchange of ideas between senders and receiver (involves message transmission and response or feedback)
language is described as a…..
- socially shared code (that is used to represent concepts) (the code) that uses arbitrary symbols combined in rule governed ways
(the characteristics of language are that it is a socially shared tool, arbitrary code, generative process, and dynmaic scheme)
language is…
- rule governed;( rule of language make up its grammar)
- generative; (you creare new utterance)
- dynamic;( it changes over time)
what are the language domains
- form; (phonology, morphology, syntax)
- content; (semnatics)
- use; (pragmatics)
phonology
-the sound system of language
- IPA
- smallest unit of languages that overlays the meaning to motor movements of speech
what is morphology
-the smallest unit of language that expresses meaning (free vs bound, prefixes and suffixes) ( pretest, softly)
what is syntax
sentence level structure of language that marks relationships between rules and ideas
-aka grammar
ex: feed the dog, did you make the bed
semantics
the meaning of languages
pragmatics
- how we use languages ( form and content)
- culturally varies
etiology
the cause or origin of a problem (may be used to classify a communication problem, can be congenital: disorders which are present at birth, acquired: disorder which from illness accident or environment all circumstances anytime later in life
* an individual may have a disorder that is withe congenital acquired or both)
disorder of form
an error in sound use (such as not pronouncing the ends of words constitutes a disorder of phonology
disorder of content
those with limited vocabularies or misuse words and with word finding difficulties may have disorders of content or semantics
disorder of use
immature or disorder phonology, morphology, and syntax(pragmatic language problems may be related to limited or unacceptable conversational social and narrative skills deficits in spoken vocabulary and/or
disorder of articulation
ie: a problem making sounds snd forming particular speech sounds
disorder of fluency
repetition, prolongation and stuttering
