Speech and Aphasia - Filley

Question 1

Aphasia

Answer 1

Aphasia is an acquired disorder of language resulting from damage to brain areas involving linguistic capacity.

Question 2

Amnesia

Answer 2

impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning

Question 3

Alexia

Answer 3

Acquired disorder of reading (vs dyslexia which is difficulty reading despite adequate resources)

Question 4

Agraphia

Answer 4

Impaired writing (Often goes with aphasia.)

Question 5

Dysarthria

Answer 5

Disorder of speech due to motor system involvement

Question 6

Dysphonia

Answer 6

Disorder of voice due to laryngeal disease

Question 7

Anarthria

Answer 7

Loss of speech due to motor system involvement

Question 8

Aphonia

Answer 8

Loss of voice due to laryngeal disease

Question 9

Mutism

Answer 9

Severe aphasia, or anarthria, aphonia

Question 10

Apraxia

Answer 10

Acquired disorder of learned movement

Question 11

Agnosia

Answer 11

impaired recognition in the visual, auditory, or tactile modality

Question 12

failure to attend to one side (usually the left) of the body or extrapersonal space

Answer 12

Hemineglect

Question 13

Multiple coexisting neurobehavioral deficits (e.g. amnesia, aphasia, personality change)

Answer 13

Dementia

Question 14

Broca’s (Location, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming)

Answer 14

Location: Frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere. (Broadmann areas 44 and 45)
Spontaneous speech: nonfluent
Auditory comprehension: good
Repetition: poor
Naming: poor

Question 15

Wernicke’s (Location, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming)

Answer 15

Location: Superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere (Broadmann area 22)
Spontaneous speech: Fluent
Auditory comprehension: Poor
Repetition: Poor
Naming: Poor

Question 16

Conduction (Location, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming)

Answer 16

Location: Arcuate fasciculus
Spontaneous speech: Fluent
Auditory comprehension: Good
Repetition: Poor
Naming: Poor

Question 17

Global (Location, spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming)

Answer 17

Location: Perisylvian region
Spontaneous speech: nonfluent
Auditory comprehension: poor
Repetition: poor
Naming: poor

Question 18

What percent of R/L handed people are left dominant for language? Ambidextrous people?

Answer 18

Most right handed people are left dominant for language (99%). 67% of left-handed people are also left dominant for language. Ambidextrous people may have mixed language dominance.

Question 19

How can you test a patient’s auditory comprehension?

Answer 19

Point at a series of objects (Point at the desk, then the floor, then the ceiling, then the wall).

Question 20

What clinical phrase is commonly used to check repetition?

Answer 20

“No ifs, ands, or buts”

Question 21

Can deaf people become aphasic?

Answer 21

yep. language is still in the LH, most likely.

Question 22

What are the right hemisphere contributions to speech?

Answer 22

Musical aspects of speech, metaphor, angry speech, humor. Recovery of speech after event is also based in the right hemisphere.

Question 23

Name functions of the frontal lobe.

Answer 23

Voluntary movement
Language production (left)
Motor prosody (right)
Comportment
Executive function
Motivation

Question 24

Name functions of the temporal lobe.

Answer 24

Audition
Language comprehension (left)
Sensory prosody (right)
Memory 
Emotion

Question 25

Name functions of the left parietal lobe.

Answer 25

Reading, writing, arithmetic

Question 26

Name functions of the right parietal lobe.

Answer 26

Attention, visuospacial (hemineglect)

Question 27

What is motor aprosody?

Answer 27

Inability to inflect speech with emotion. Right inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area homolog).

Question 28

What is sensory aprosody?

Answer 28

Counterpart to Wernicke’s aphasia. People can’t detect the affect (anger, sadness, etc). People can’t distinguish the inflections of speech. “my husband isn’t the same anymore, he doesn’t understand me”

Question 29

What type of frontal lobe lesion leads to leads to disinhibition, severe misbehavior. Rude, break the law, gamble.

Answer 29

Orbitofrontal

Question 30

What neurologic condition did Fyodor Dostoyevsky likely have?

Answer 30

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE).

Changes the interictal state – the brain in between seizures. Deepened emotionality is often seen, prominently. This is due to rewiring the temoporolimbic circuitry. People can take hours to describe their thoughts, feelings, etc.

Question 31

Why is hemineglect generally only seen on the L side?

Answer 31

The right hemisphere has the capacity to attend to both sides of space, whereas the left can only attend to the contralateral space

Thus a right parietal lesion will only permit surveillance of the right hemispace.

Question 33

Fancy term for face blindness?

Answer 33

prosopagnosia

Question 34

What type of frontal lobe lesion leads to executive dysfunction. Plan, organize, problem-solving all fail.

Answer 34

Dorsolateral

Question 35

What type of frontal lobe lesion leads to executive dysfunction. Plan, organize, problem-solving all fail.

Answer 35

Dorsolateral

Question 36

What type of frontal lobe lesion leads to Apathy. you just stop doing things. Severe forms can even result in absent movement and speech.

Answer 36

Medial frontal cortices