Speech Act Theory

Question 1

Speech Act Theory: Definition

Answer 1

• explains how language functions beyond simple expression
• language as an “Act” : words can do things, not just describe

Question 2

Locutionary Act

Answer 2

literal meaning

Question 3

Illocutionary Act

Answer 3

intention

Question 4

Perlocutionary Act

Answer 4

influence on the listener

Question 5

Assertives

Answer 5

information or belief: “it is raining”

Question 6

Directives

Answer 6

request action: “please help me”

Question 7

Commissives

Answer 7

commitment (e.g. promise): “I will help you”

Question 8

Expressives

Answer 8

emotions: “I am sorry”

Question 9

Declarations

Answer 9

changes to reality: “you are fired”

Question 10

directives in leadership

Answer 10

commands and requests shape task execution and team dynamic

Question 11

formal declarations

Answer 11

foundational institutional decisions

Question 12

assertive communication

Answer 12

clear statements, in person or written, convey information accurately

Question 13

Formal discourse (speech act)

Answer 13

structured, follows norms

Question 14

informal discourse (speech act)

Answer 14

flexible, casual, personal

Question 15

Direct speech act (high context cultures)

Answer 15

rely more on non-verbal aspects to communicate meaning (facial expression/gestures)
- apologies emotional validation, empathy, understanding

Question 16

indirect speech acts (low context cultures)

Answer 16

Rely more on the spoken/written word to communicate meaning (say what you mean, mean what you say)
-mediation of solutions, requests, suggestions

Question 17

Words can have different action weight, according to:

Answer 17

• intention
• scenario
• authority
• culture
• intention
• etiquette