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Antimicrobial > Spectrum cards only > Flashcards

Spectrum cards only Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin Spectrum

A
  • B-lactamase negative GPC(S.pneumoniae, S.pyrogens, VGS)- oral anaerobes (GPs) (actinomyces, peptococcus, petptostretococcus)- N. meningitis (GN)- syphilis * GRAM POSITIVES**
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2
Q

Penicillin Gaps

A
  • atypical organisms- B-lactamase (+) GPCs - Staph- aerobic GNB- anaerobic GN
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3
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin Spectrum

A

PCN + gram positives including enterococcus some gram negatives

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4
Q

Amoxicillin/Ampicillin Gaps

A

susceptible to B-lactamases

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5
Q

Piperacillin Spectrum

A

more GN activity- harder to treat GN  pseudomonas & enterococcus
Gaps in Coverage:- susceptible to B-lactamases

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6
Q

Piperacillin + Tazobactam Spectrum

A

Useful for where there is resistance! LARGE spect.- oral anaerobes - GP in general (inc. MSSA)- GN in general

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7
Q

Cephalosporins 1st (cefazolin, cephalexin) gen spectrum

A

Coverage: PCN PLUS- easy to kill GN: E.coli, proteus spp., klebsiella sppRetain:- aerobic GPC- oral anaerobes

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8
Q

Cephalosporins 2nd ( cefoxitin cefaclor cefuroxime) gen spectrum

A

Coverage: PCN + 1GC PLUS- gut anaerobes: B. fragillis sp (but resistance high so not often used)cefuroxime: H.influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis (respiratory organisms)

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9
Q

Cephalosporins 3rd gen (Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime) spectrum

A

Ceftriaxone: 1st GC PLUS broader GNB Gaps in Coverage: LOSE: Staph activity & anaerobic coverageCeftazidime: PCN PLUS broader GNB than 2nd GC (b/c of sidechain which inc. penetration of GN membrane) and Pseudomonas
Gaps in Coverage: LOSE GP coverage** NO strep or staph coverage

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10
Q

Cephalosporins 4th gen (cefepime) spectrum

A

Coverage: 3GC plus more GNs, AmpCRetain:- GP similar to ceftriaxone (3GC)- PsA similar to ceftazidime (3Gc)Gaps in Coverage:- ESBL

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11
Q

Carbapenems: Meropenem and Imipenem

A

Coverage: added to Pip/tazo OR 3GC- oral & gut anaerobes - GP in general (inc. MSSA)- GN in general - ESBL - ampC- Pseudomonas (M&I)

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12
Q

Carbapenems: Ertapenem

A
  • less activity than mero/imipen against GN-

LOSE: pseudomonas, enterococci, acinetobacter

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13
Q

Vancomycin

A

Coverage:- GPs only (b/c too large & polar to cross GN CM)- C. difficile (po)- MSSA, MRSA- PCN resistant strep meningitis - enterococcus“drug of last choice”
Use when:- B-lactam allergy, B-lactam resistance (MRSA, CoNS)

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14
Q

Daptomycin

A

Coverage:- GPs (inc. MRSA, MRSE, VRE)

Gaps in Coverage:- no GNs- no anaerobes

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15
Q

Ciprofloxacin (early fluroquinolone)

A

Spectrum:- aerobic GN activity- poor GP activity (no staph/strep)

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16
Q

Respiratory Fluroquinolones (moxifloxacin, levofloxacin)

A

Spectrum:- better” GP coverate + added gut anaerobe coverage (moxi is broader)

17
Q

Metronidazole spectrum

A
  • gut anaerobes ONLY (C. diff & parasites)
18
Q

Sulfonamide-trimethoprim spectrum

A

Spectrum:- GP (inc MRSA)- GN (H. influ, enterobacter SPICA)

What does it lack?- GAS- PsA- anaerobes- enterococcia

19
Q

Fidaxomicin Spectrum

A

Spectrum:- C. diff- less effect on the fecal microbial (vs vanco)

20
Q

Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin) Spectrum

A

What do they add:- GNB: Pseudomonas- MRSA- GN aerobic bacilli
What do they lose:NOT good for GPs or anerobes -> only GP if given synergistically with beta lactams

21
Q

Linezolid (oxazolidinones) Spectrum

A
  • only GP organisms including resistant ones- MRSA, VRE

Where does it fit?- alt to vanco for MRSA- VRE

22
Q

Macrolides (Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin) Spectrum

A
  • PCN spectrum PLUS- gram negatives- S. pneumo *30% R in CAN- atypical pneumo organisms (ie legionella)- C & A -> H. influenzaWhere do they fit? Used if need atypical organism coverage or for STIs/travel
23
Q

Clindamycin Spectrum

A

Coverage: (adds to PCN)- anaerobes- aerobic GPs - most GPs (EXCEPT enterococcus)- PCPs, MRSA- some parasites
Gaps in Coverage:- no gram negatives (b/c c/n cross the outer CM)- enterococcus

24
Q

Tetracyclines spectrum

A

Coverage: PCN spec PLUS- GP & GN (similar to macrolides)- atypical organisms (Mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsiae)

25
Q

Tigecycline (a tetracycline) spectrum

A

Coverage:- GPs (inc. MRSA & VRE) - activity vs resistant organisms, b/c bacteriostatic and no bacteremia action so use is limited- atypicals- anaerobes- most GNs- ESBL – E.coli/K.pneumo
Gaps in Coverage:- morganella- Pseudomonas- proteus- providencia

Antimicrobial (2 decks)

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