1. Occur shortly after new moon 2. Occur at conditions of syzygy 3. Occur roughly once every 2 weeks 4. Theory are times when’s when tidal ranges are relatively high

Specimen Exam Flashcards by Katie Collins

What is the approximate mean depth of the world’s oceans?

3,800m

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Which of these values is typical of the gradient of the continental slope?

4 degrees

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The density of seawater increases…

With decreasing temperature

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What term is used to denote a region of rapid change in density with depth?

Pycnocline

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What is the approximate timescale associated with the global thermohaline circulation?

1000 years

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Name a western boundary current.

The Gulf Stream

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In an Ekman Spiral in what direction is the surface flow of water relative to the wind?

90 degrees to the right in the northern hemisphere

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What name is given to the strengthening of ocean currents on the western side of the ocean basins?

Western intensification

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What are tides with 2 unequal high waters and 2 unequal low waters each day called?

Diurnal mixed tides

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What is the time interval between successive high waters levels for a lunar semi-diurnal tide?

12 hours 25 minutes

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Spring tides…

Occur shortly after new moon
Occur at conditions of syzygy
Occur roughly once every 2 weeks
Theory are times when’s when tidal ranges are relatively high

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What name is given to lines on a chart joining locations sharing the same tidal ranges?

Co-range lines

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A deep water wave has wavelength of 250m. What is its period?

Approximately 13s (use wave speed formula)

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In deep water,the movement of water due to a surface wave with wavelength 50m reduces to zero at approximately what depth?

25m (depth= wavelength/2=50/2=25)

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What does the speed that a linear water cave crest travels at in shallow water depend on?

The water depth

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Complete the following statement: waves towards a beach tend to…

Refract and focus their energy on headlands

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What is the primary mixing process in a salt wedge estuary?

Entrainment

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A body accelerates at 2ms-2 for 5s. What is the change in speed of the body?

10ms-1(change in speed/velocity change= acceleration x time)

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8kg of seawater is raised a vertical distance of 30m. What is the potential energy gain of the water?

2354 J (potential energy=m x acceleration x height)
(J=m x g x h)

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If seawater has a density of 1025kgm-3 at what depth does the pressure due to the water reach 900,000 N/m squared?

89.5m (hydrostatic pressure= density of seawater x acceleration x depth)
(P=p x g x h)

What is the approximate mass of 3m3 of typical seawater at atmospheric pressure and room temperature?

3075kg (mass= density x volume)

What is 3p/4 radians in degrees?

135 degrees (degrees=radians x (180/pie)

What equation/law describes the principle of conservation of mass in a fluid?

The continuity equation

Which of the following statements is true if the variation of a quantity ‘y’ in time ‘t’ is described with the function y=e-2t(to power of )

‘Y’ decreases exponentially with time

In which of These sea areas is a surface salinity of around 18-22 parts per thousand likely to be found naturally?

Black sea

How does the deep Atlantic water change as it travels to the deep Pacific Ocean?

The deep pacific water has a higher concentration of nutrients and lower concentration of oxygen

What is the depth at which calcium carbonate shells are almost completely dissolved called?

Carbonate compensation depth

Which of the following best describes the water emitted from hydrothermal vents in the deep sea?

Hot, anoxic, metal rich water

Which of the following will increase the oxygen concentration in surface a seawater?

Photosynthesis

To what does nitrogen fixation refer?

Conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia and nitrate

What is the principle source of magnesium in seawater?

Fluvial input

If there is 1.4x10(to the power of 16) tonnes of sodium in the ocean and annual is 2.0 x 10( to the power of 8) tonnes per year what is the residence time of sodium in years?

70 million years (residence time= amount of substance in the ocean/annual input)

Which of the following are not terms used to describe forms of ice?

Waffle ice cream

What are sediments that are derived principally from the land called?

Terrigenous

Which of the following elements would behave similarly to caesium?

Lithium

Which of the following do not have ‘nutrient-like’ behaviour in the open ocean?

At what depth do you expect to find to oxygen minimum concentration in the open ocean?

0.5-2.5km below the surface

Manganese nodules…

They are tropical the shape and size of a potato They grow at a rate of a few mm per million years They are usually found on the abyssal plain The combined concentration of nickel, cobalt and copper can exceed 35 by weight

Using the values for the typical composition of seawater in the table below, calculate the concentration of sodium likely to be found in estuarine water with a salinity of 24.40 parts per thousand(ppt). Cl- =18.98 ppt Na+=10.56 ppt Mg2+=1.272 K+=0.380 Total salinity=34.40

7.49

How many moles of oxygen gas (O2) are contained in 4m (cubed) of seawater with an oxygen concentration of 5mg/L? The atomic number of oxygen (O) is 8 and its atomic mass is 16

625 millimoles ( convert moles to millimoles)

Which of the following is not a halogen?

Selenium

The correct oxidation number for nitrogen in ammonia is?

-3

Which of the following is not true if the gases in a mixture do not react?

At a particular temperature the volume of a fixed mass of gas is proportional to the pressure of the gas

Complete the phrase: given that the atomic number of carbon is 6, an atom of the carbon-14 isotope contains….

8 neutrons, 6 protons and 6 electrons

Which of the following statements is not true?

Absolute zero is approximately-373 degrees

How many moles of nitrogen atoms are there in 50g of the fertiliser ammonium nitrate which has the formula NH4NO3?

1.25 moles

Which of the following is a weak base?

Ammonia

Which word correctly completes this phrase; the ability of an Aton to attract a pair of shared electrons in a covalent bond is called the….of the atom?

Electronegativity

What is the pH of a solution containing 0.456 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid? (Note that mol dm-3 is equivalent to mol L-1)

0.341