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PARASITOLOGY LAB > Specimen Collection And Handling > Flashcards

Specimen Collection And Handling Flashcards

1
Q

During SCH we need to use

A

Use clean, dry, wide-mouthed, leak-proof containers with a screw cap

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2
Q

Containers must not contain

A

dirt, urine, or water contamination.

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3
Q

Why do we need to bring or send the specimen to the lab as soon as it is voided

A

To prevent deterioration of protozoans and morphological alterations

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4
Q

We must note patients

A

Name/identifier and date/time collection on the cotainer

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5
Q

Request form includes

A

Patients name
Age
Sex
Date/time collection
Requesting physician
Requested procedure
Presumptive diagnosis
Prior infection
Travel history

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6
Q

In collecting spx, we must collect

A

Freshly passed stool

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7
Q

Liquid spx

A

5ml or 5-6 tbsp

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8
Q

Solid spx

A

20-40g (thumb size)

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9
Q

Recommend for collection

A

Directly on the continer
Toil bowl method
Infants diaper
On paper and scoop after

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10
Q

We must reject spx

A

Contamintion urine & water
Collection from soil
With evidence of barium
Liquid fecal beyond 60 mins
Formed stool beyond 24hrs

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11
Q

Contaminated with water can kill

A

Trophozoites

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12
Q

Contamination with urine can kill

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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13
Q

______ in urine kills or deactivates the ova

A

Ammonia

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14
Q

nonpathogenic free-living parasite are presents which looks the same

A

Collection from soil

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15
Q

Used in radiologic test

A

Barium

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16
Q

barium leaves behind a residue that makes fecalysis difficult

A

Barium enema

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17
Q

administered to their large intestines via the
anus to highlight in the x-ray and inspect for
abnormalities

A

Barium

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18
Q

Decreases the number of protozoan for several weeks

A

Intake of antibiotics

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19
Q

Leave crystalline residues that can interfere with fecalysis

A

Intake of drugs/medicinal substances

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20
Q

Remedy of intake of drugs and antibotics

A

Collect prior to intake

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21
Q

Factors to consider

A

Intakes of drugs/medicinal suns
Intakes of antibiotics
Anti-diarrheals

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22
Q

is a body mechanism to eliminate toxic pathogens inside

A

Anti-diarrheals

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23
Q

Collection must be done a _____ after the last intake or administration of any of these drugs

A

Week

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24
Q

Store at ____ and maintain it in cool temperature (inside a box with coolant) during transport

A

4-8°C

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25
Q

Preservatives use for wet mount examination

A

10% formalin

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26
Q

Preservatives used for specimen that req staining

A

Polyvinyl alcohol or PVA

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27
Q

Ratio

A

3:1
3 parts preservative to 1 part stool

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28
Q

Color of stool

A

Black
Brown
Yellow
Green

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29
Q

Consistency

A

Formed
Soft
Loose
Watery

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30
Q

Recommended for cyst

A

Formed

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31
Q

Recommended for trophs

A

Watery

32
Q

Always note the presence of _________ and _______ in the stools

A

Mucus and blood streaks

33
Q

Prioritize examination of _____ stools especially those with
mucus or blood as they may contain _________

A

Liquid stool
Motile amoeba

34
Q

__________ must be examined ideally within 30 minutes after passage

A

Watery spx

35
Q

____________ must be examined ideally within 1 hour after passage

A

Soft spx

36
Q

___________ must be examined within 12 hours after passage

A

Formed spx

37
Q

Positive stools are mixed with moistened soil or granulated charcoal placed in a cheesecloth and submerged in a water in a funnel

A

Copro culture

38
Q

COPRO CULTURE Principle:

A

Rhabditiform larvae transforms to Filariform larvae with the presence of water

39
Q

__________ notorious to have water tropism (water attraction)

A

Filariform larvae

40
Q

Harvest larvae using

A

Baermann technique

41
Q

Increases the chances of recovering Strongyloides from samples

A

Harada mori or test tube culture method

42
Q

Positive stool is applied to the filter paper and placed into a test tube with ___ of boiled or distilled water

A

7 ml

43
Q

The tube is incubated at ____ C for up to___.

A

24-28°C
10 days.

44
Q

______ migrate to the water and transform into filariform larvae.

A

Strongyloides rhabditiform larvae

45
Q

If the patient cannot expectorate,______________________ may be used

A

10% sodium chloride or hydrogen peroxide

46
Q

Examine consistency of sputum

A

Serous
Mucoid
Purulent
Bloody

47
Q

Test using wet mount ___________ or
concentrate by adding an equal amount of 3% NaOH, mix,
centrifuge, and perform wet mount on the sedi

A

saline or iodine for trophozoites

48
Q

Sputum examination detects

A

→ migrating larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides
→ Strongyloides stercoralis
→ Hookworms
→ Paragonimus [westermani] ova - reside in the lungs (most of the time isolated in the sputum)
→ Pulmonary hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus
→ Trophozoites from pulmonary amebic abscess by
Entamoeba histolytica

49
Q

[The act of _________ the phlegm creates the possibility of having sputum present in the stool sample]

A

Swallowing

50
Q

Examination of urine may be use to detect

A

Trichomonas vaginalis
Schistosoma haematobium

51
Q

Prefer in urinary bladder and it is not common in ph

A

Schistisoma haematobium

52
Q

pingpong motility which travels from one field to another [Females are symptomatic, Males are otherwise]

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

53
Q

3 COMMON Schistosoma

A

● Schistosoma mansoni
● Schistosoma japonicum
● Schistosoma haematobium

54
Q

_______ for the demonstration of __________in amebic liver abscess cases

A

Liver aspirates

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

55
Q

Aspirate on the ________ of the abscess, not
on the center

A

margins or the walls

56
Q

Duodenal aspirates for

A

Giardia lambia
Strongyloides stercoralis

57
Q

A capsulated yarn is swallowed by the patient and reach the duodenum

A

Intestinal intubation or entero test/string test

58
Q

Retrieve after___ hours and examine the mucoidal material clinging to the yarn

A

4

59
Q

Cutaneous ulcerations in________

A

Leishmaniasis

60
Q

Aspirate below the___ bed using a sterile needle

A

Ulcer

61
Q

Prepare a smear and stain with______

A

Giemsa stain

62
Q

CSF may demonstrate the presence of the trypomastigotes of_________ and the trophozoites of______

A

Trypanosoma spp

Naegleria

63
Q

Immediate Examination of csf is needed within ______

A

20 minutes

64
Q

CSF must be centrifuged at_________
discard the supernatant, and examine the sediment

A

7,000 g for 10 minutes,

65
Q

Useful in the diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis infection (presence of encapsulated larvae)

A

Muscle biopsy

66
Q

Can reveal the presence of deposited Schistosoma japonicum eggs

A

Rectal biopsy

67
Q

_______ is a routine method of stool examination primarily useful in the detection of motile protozoan trophozoite.

A

DFS

68
Q

About___ of stool (Amount forming a cone at the tip of an applicator stick)

A

2 mg

69
Q

Inportance of dfs

A

● To detect motile trophozoites.
● To detect ova and cysts present in moderate number.
● To detect erythrocytes, leukocytes, cellular debris or
excess fat.

70
Q

Recommended specimens are___________ and samples that ______________

A

FRESH STOOL SPECIMENS

HAS NOT BEEN refrigerated nor preserved.

71
Q

Materials neee for dfs

A

Applicator stick
Cover slide
Microscope glass slode
Permanent market
Beaker
Pipette
Lugols iodine soln
0.85% Nss

72
Q

Characteristics of imperfect smear

A

● Improper patient identification
● Mismatched sample and patient
● Insufficient and/or excessive stool sample
● Insufficient and/or excessive reagents
● Incomplete mixing of specimen and reagent
● Presence of fecal debris
● Bubble formation
● Uneven distribution of mixture
● Crooked/Offset/Slanted Cover Slips
● Leakage of mixture on the edge of the slip and slide

73
Q

Aside from parasites, we may also see the following:

A

→ White blood cells/pus cells: PMNs or eosinophils
→ Red blood cells
→ Fat globules
→ Macrophages which may be mistaken for amoebic trophozoites
→ Charcot-Leyden crystals
▪ by products of the degradation of eosinophil
granules
→ Epithelial cells from the intestinal tract
→ Eggs of arthropods, plant nematodes, and spurious
parasites
→ Fungal spores
→Plant elements: fibers, cells, pollen grains, starch
granules, vegetable spirals

74
Q

→ REMEMBER:_____________ is
IMPORTANT before doing any examination!
→ Make sure to work on a _________

A

Proper patient identification
flat and steady surface

75
Q

Degradtion of eosinophil granules

A

Charcot leyden crystals

PARASITOLOGY LAB (4 decks)

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