Specimen Collection Flashcards
are usually collected early in the morning but can
be collected throughout the day during scheduled “sweeps”
(collection times) on the floors or from outpatients.
Routine Samples
means “as soon as possible.” The response time for
the collection of this test sample is determined by each hospital or
clinic and may vary by laboratory tests.
ASAP samples
sample is to be collected, analyzed, and results
reported immediately.
Stat sample
npo (non per orem); “nothing by mouth”
Fasting sample
Types of Sample: fasting sample
• FBS
• Lipid Profile
Types of Sample: timed samples
• Glucose Tolerance Tests
• 2-Hour Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
• Lactose Tolerance Test
Types of Sample for specimen collection
Fasting sample
Timed sample
Blood culture
WHOLE BLOOD FORMED ELEMENT
RBCs
Plasma
Buffy coat (WBCs and platelets)
Plasma contain of
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Liquid portion of unclotted
blood
Plasma
With anticoagulant
WBCs and platelets
Liquid portion of clotted blood
Serum
Without anticoagulant
Serum
Serum contains only
Albumin and globulin
Blood is collected directly into the
evacuated tube, eliminating the need for
transfer of specimens and minimizing the
risk of biohazard exposure
Evacuated tube system
Evacuated tube system includes
• Double-pointed needle
• Needle holder
• Color-coded evacuated tubes
size varies by both length and
gauge (diameter)
Needle
refers to the diameter
of the needle bore.
Needle gauge
The smaller the gauge number the
________ the diameter of the needle.
bigger
Needles should be visually examined
before use to determine if any
structural defects, such as
______________ or ________________,
are present.
nonbeveled points or bent shafts
made of rigid plastic and may be designed to act as a safety shield for
the used needle.
Needle holder
Health department directs that
holders must be discarded with the used needle
Occupational safety and health administration
To protect phlebotomists from
accidental needlesticks by
contaminated needles
Needle disposal system
Rigid, puncture-resistant, leak-
proof disposable “sharps”
containers labeled BIOHAZARD
that are easily sealed and locked
when full.
Needle disposal system
Evacuated tubes aka
Vacutainers ( glass or plastic)
Contain a premeasured amount of vacuum
for blood collection
Evacuated tubes
Evacuated tubes has The amount of blood collected in an
evacuated tube ranges from _________ to __________mL
1.8 to 15 mL
Evacuated tubes order of draw
• Blood cultures (yellow stopper tubes, culture bottles)
• Light blue stopper tubes (sodium citrate)
• Red/gray, gold stopper tubes (serum separator tubes), red stopper plastic tubes (clot
activator), and red stopper glass tubes
• Green stopper tubes and light green (plasma separator tubes) (heparin)
• Lavender stopper tubes (EDTA)
• Gray stopper tubes (potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride)
• Yellow/gray or orange stopper tubes (thrombin clot activator)
Routinely used for venipuncture range
from 2 to 20 mL
Syringe
Syringe Routinely used for venipuncture range
from _____ to ______mL
2 to 20 mL
For single draw and it drawing blood from patients with small or fragile veins.
Syringe
is immediately transferred to appropriate
evacuated tubes to prevent the formation of clots.
Blood drawn syringe
for performing venipuncture from
very small or very fragile veins
often seen in children and in the
geriatric population
Winged blood collection/ winged infusion needle
Winged blood collection: Always hold the _________ by the needle wings and not by the
tubing.
apparatus
Type of gloves can be used
powdered and powder-free,
latex and nonlatex (vinyl, nitrile, neoprene, and
polyethylene)
Gloves with ________ are not
recommended
powder
can be
worn under latex gloves for
persons that develop an
allergic dermatitis to gloves
Cotton gloves liner
Cotton glove liner can be worn under latex gloves for persons that develop an
_____________ to gloves
allergic dermatitis
VEIN LOCATING DEVICES : located vein that are not easily visible to people that are
Infant, pediatric and elderly
use high-intensity
LED lights that shine
through the patient’s
subcutaneous tissue
Venoscope II & Neonatal
Transilluminator
highlight the veins
by absorbing the
light rather than
reflecting it
Venoscope II and neontal transilluminator
Other Venipuncture Equipment
• Tourniquets
• Vein locating devices
• 70% isopropyl alcohol, iodine
swabs
• 2x2 inch gauze pads
• Bandage or adhesive tape
• Phlebotomy collection tray
• Slides
• Antimicrobial hand gel
• Marking pen
