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Hematology Lab > Specimen Collection > Flashcards

Specimen Collection Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the process of obtaining a sample of blood from an individual for diagnostic, screening, or therapeutic purposes.

A

Blood collection

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2
Q

What are the three types of blood collection methods?

A

Venipuncture
Capillary puncture
Arterial puncture

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3
Q

Correct specimen collection include

A

Proper Labeling: Patient’s Full Name, Hospital Identification Number, Location, Time and Date, and the initials of the phlebotomist

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4
Q

In venipuncture, the ideal procedure is to have the patient?

A

Lie down or if not possible, the patient should sit in a sturdy, comfortable chair and not on high stools

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5
Q

It is the ideal site for puncture.

A

Antecubital fossa

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6
Q

The two anatomical vein patterns are the

A

H- Pattern and M-Pattern

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7
Q

H-Pattern vein include

A

Median cubital vein, Cephalic vein, and Basilic vein

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8
Q

M-Pattern vein include

A

Median vein, Accessory cephalic vein, Basilic vein

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9
Q

The angle between skin and needle should be

A

Less than 30 degrees

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10
Q

Tourniquet Application should be

A

Less than 1 minute

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11
Q

These are the possible
effects of prolonged tourniquet application

A

Hemoconcentration, Hemolysis, and Shortened Coagulation Time (PT/APTT)

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12
Q

Application of the tourniquet must be _____ above the puncture site

A

3-4 inches or 7-10 cm

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13
Q

The most common needle size for an adult is?

A

21 gauge (1 inch long) needle

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14
Q

Phlebotomist must never puncture the patient _____

A

twice

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15
Q

This is a condition in which venous flow is slowed

A

Stasis

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16
Q

Causes of specimen hemolysis in venipuncture

A

Prolonged tourniquet application
Moisture or contamination of blood collecting tubes.
Needle with small bores.
Excessive agitation.
Frothing of the blood sample

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17
Q

Cite the order of Draw (Venipuncture)

A
  1. Blood- culture tubes (yellow)
  2. Coagulation sodium citrate tube (blue topper)
  3. Serum tubes with or without clot activator or gel separator
  4. Heparin tubes with our without gel (green stopper)
  5. Etylenediaminetetraactetic acid tubes (lavender stopper)
  6. Glycolytic inhibitor (gray stopper)
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18
Q

Number of inversions of the serum tube red top (plastic, clot-activator)

A

5

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19
Q

Number of inversions of the serum tube red top (Glass, Non-Additive)

A

0

20
Q

The color of the top of this tube is gray

A

Sodium fluoride tube

21
Q

The color of the stopper of this tube is pink

A

EDTA tube

22
Q

The color of the stopper of this tube is light blue

A

Citrated tube or Sodium Citrate

23
Q

How many percent of sodium citrate does a citrated tube contain?

A

3.2%

24
Q

It prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin and thromboplastin

A

Sodium or lithium heparin

25
Q

It inhibits glycolysis

A

Fluoride

26
Q

This additive in the gray tube prevents clotting by precipitating calcium

A

Oxalate

27
Q

Other additives that prevents clotting by binding calcium

A

Sodium citrate and potassium EDTA

28
Q

Used in stat and routine chemistry

A

Green (Heparin) tubes

29
Q

Used in hematology and blood bank

A

Lavender or pink (EDTA) tubes

30
Q

Used for coagulation

A

Light-blue (sodium citrate) tubes

31
Q

Used for blood gas

A

Green (Heparin) tubes

32
Q

Used for testing blood alcohol and lactic acid

A

Gray (Sodium fluoride) tubes

33
Q

Capillary puncture is done if the patient is:

A

Infants less than 1 year old.
Severely burned patients.
Patients whose veins are reserved for
therapeutic purposes.
Extremely obese patients.
Adult with poor veins.

34
Q

Order of Draw (Capillary puncture)

A

Tube for blood gas analysis
Slides
EDTA Microcollection Tube
Other Microcollection Tubes with anticoagulants
Serum Microcollection Tube

35
Q

Depth of skin puncture for adults

A

2.0-2.5 mm

36
Q

Depth of skin puncture for infants

A

<2.0 mm

37
Q

Sites to be avoided when drawing blood

A

Hematoma
Burned, damaged, occluded veins
Intravenous catheter (IV line)
Edema
Post Mastectomy Side
Skin with Tattoo

38
Q

It is the most common complication encountered during venipuncture

A

Ecchymosis (Bruise)

39
Q

Leakage of large amount of blood

A

Hematoma

40
Q

Short lapse in consciousness

A

Fainting (Syncope)

41
Q

Prolonged tourniquet application

A

Hemoconcentration

42
Q

Leakage of small amount of blood

A

Ecchymosis (Bruise)

43
Q

How many minutes should you wait before reapplying the tourniquet

A

2 minutes

44
Q

What should you remember when drawing blood from a person with an IV line?

A

Draw on the opposite side of the IV
Stop IV for 2 minutes
Discard first 5-ml of blood

45
Q

An alternative tourniquet for patients that are obese

A

BP Cuff. Must not be more than 40
mmHg and 1 minute

46
Q

Tiny spots of bleeding under the skin or in the mucous membranes

A

Petechiae

47
Q

A condition in which a person develops anemia due to medical interventions, most frequently repeated blood draws.

A

Iatrogenic anemia

Hematology Lab (4 decks)

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