Specific virus summaries Flashcards
Adenovirus
Which serogroups infect respiratory tract and GI tract?
Respiratory tract
Serogroups B and C
GI tract
Serogroup F and others
Virus infects mucoepithelial cells of respiratory/ GI tract, conjunctiva. Can invade lymphoid tissue and spread throughout body
Virus can persist in lymphoid tissue - tonsils/ adenoids/ Payer’s patches
Adenovirus
What treatment/ vaccines are available?
Cidofovir
Attenuated vaccine for serotypes 4/7 available for military - close contact can cause outbreaks
Serotype 4 - Group E
Serotype 7 - Group B
Adenovirus
How may subgroups/ serotypes are there?
7 subgroups - ABCDEF
57 serotypes
4/7 are common serotypes
Arenavirus
What are examples?
LCMV - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
Lassa virus
Junin virus - Argentine haemorrhagic fever
Arenaviruses
How are they spread?
Contact the infected rodents/ excreta
This includes pet hamsters/ mice for LCMV in UK
Arenaviruses
What vaccine/ treatment is available?
No vaccine
Ribavirin
Bunyavirus
What are examples?
La Crosse - encephalitis
Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre
CCHF
Phlebovirus - Rift Valley fever/ Sandfly fever
How are these bunyaviruses transmitted?
La Crosse
Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre
CCHF
Phlebovirus - Rift Valley fever/ Sandfly fever
La Crosse - mosquito
Hanta virus - Hantaan virus/ Sin Nombre - rodent excreta
CCHF - tick
Phlebovirus -
Rift Valley fever - mosquito
Sandfly fever - fly
Bunyaviruses
What vaccine/ treatment is available?
No vaccines or treatment
Caliciviruses
What are examples?
Norovirus
Sapovirus
Both cause gastroenteritis.
Norovirus can cause a persistent infection
Caliciviruses
What is the route of transmission?
Faecal-oral - contamianted food or water
Caliciviruses
What vaccine/ treatment is available?
No vaccines of treatment
Filoviruses
What are examples?
Marburg
Ebola
Both cause VHFs
Filoviruses
What are examples in the Ebolavirus family?
Reston
Sudan
Zaire - highest fatality rate
Zaire is old name for DR Congo
Case fatality 40-90%
Filoviruses
How are they transmitted?
Fruit bat reservoir
Contact the infects bats, monkeys or humans
High risk behaviour - burial preparation, bushmeat hunting
Filoviruses
What vaccine/ treatment is available?
Marburg - nothing
Ebola -
live attenuated recombinant vaccine available ERVEBO
Ebola vaccine
What strains does it protect against?
ERVEBO - live attenuated recombinant vaccine available
Only protects against Zaire strain. Not other Ebola strains or Marburg
It is not possible to become infected with EBOV from the vaccine because the vaccine only contains a gene from the Ebola virus, not the whole virus.
Specifically, it contains a gene for the EBOV glycoprotein that replaces the gene for the native Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein.
Flaviviruses
What are examples?
Yellow Fever
Dengue
Japanese Encephalitis
St Louis Encephalitis
West Nile virus
Powassan
Hepatitis C
Zika
Flaviviruses
Which are transmitted by these vectors?
Aedes mosquito
Culex mosquito
Ixodes tick
Aedes -
Yellow Fever
Dengue
Culex -
Japanese Encephalitis
St Louis Encephalitis
West Nile virus
Ixodes tick
Powassan
Flaviviruses
What clinical disease do they cause?
Hepatitis
Encephalitis
Haemorrhagic fever - YF/ Dengue
