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PSA > Specific diseases > Flashcards

Specific diseases Flashcards

1
Q

UTI with reduced GFR

A

Trimethoprim 200mg BD (nitrofurantoin contraindicated when GFR <45)

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2
Q

IV treatment for severe hypoglycaemia

A

20% glucose 50-100mL (10-20g)

10% glucose 100-200mL

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3
Q

VTE prophylaxis following THR

A

Rivaroxaban 10mg

Dalteparin 10000 units

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4
Q

Asthma Attack

A

oxygen driven salbutamol nebuliser 5mg PRN
ipratropium 500micrograms NEB PRN - if acute severe/life threatening
prednisolone 50mg PO or hydrocortisone 200mg IV

poor response -
add ipratropium f moderate
IV magnesium sulfate 2g over 20 mins if severe/life threatening

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5
Q

pregnancy pain relief

A

NSAID fine

Avoid aspirin - Reye’s syndrome

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6
Q

malignant cord compression

A

dex 16 IV/PO then 8mg BD

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7
Q

antiemetic - nauseated

A

regular cyclizine - 50mg 8 hourly - IM/IV/PO

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8
Q

antiemetic - not nauseated

A

PRN cyclizine 50mg up to 8 hourly

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9
Q

antiemetic - heart failure

A

metoclopromide 10mg 8 hourly (reg or PRN depending on nausea)

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10
Q

maintenance fluids

A

25-35ml/kg/day water
50-100g/day glucose
1 mmol/kg/day Na, K and Cl

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11
Q

torsades de pointes

A

2g magnesium over 10 mins

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12
Q

STEMI

A 
ABC and O2
aspirin 300
morphine 5-10 + metoclopramide 10
GTN
PCI
BB
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13
Q

NSTEMI

A 
ABC and O2
aspirin 300
morphine 5-10 + metoclopramide 10
GTN
BB
LMWH
Clopidogrel
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14
Q

LVF

A 
sit up
ABC 02 
morphine 5-10 and metoclpramide 10
furosemide 40 IV
nitrates and CPAP
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15
Q

anaphylaxis

A 
Abc and O2
adrenaline 500mcg 1:1000 IM 
chlorphenamine Iv 10
hydrocortisone 200 IV 
treat wheeze - as per asthma
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16
Q

AE asthma or COPD

A

oxygen
salbutamol 5mg neb
hydrocortisone 100 IV or pred PO 40-50
ipratropium 500 micrograms neb

theophylline if life threatening

COPD: same management but add antibiotics if infective - amoxicillin

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17
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A 
oxygen
fluid
dex IV
LP +/- CT head
2g cefotaxime
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18
Q

upper GI bleed

A 
ABC O2
Iv access and cannula
fluid and crossmatch blood
endoscopy
stop - NSAIDs, aspirin, warfarin, LMWH
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19
Q

seizures and status

A 
ABC
recovery position and oxygen
lorazepam 2-4mg IV (or diazepam buccal 10)
2 mins - repeat
anaesthetist
phenytoin
intubate and propofol
20
Q

stroke

A 
ABC
glucose CT head
assuming ischaemic:
<80 and <4.5 hours - alteplase
aspirin 300
stroke unit
21
Q

hyperglycaemia

A

Iv fluid 1L stat, then 1L over 1 hour then 2 hours then 4 hours then 8 hours
sliding scale insulin
monitor BM, k and pH

22
Q

AKI

A

catheter and cannula for fluid monitoring

IV fluid 500 stat then 1L 4 hourly

23
Q

paracetamol OD

A

NAC
>4 hours
check levels

24
Q

benzo OD

A

flumazenil

25
Q

opioid

A

naloxone

26
Q

when to treat hypertension

A

150/95

or 135/85 with:
diabetes, vascular disease, hypertensive organ damage

aim<140/85 in clinic (130/80 home) +10 mmHg for every year over 80

27
Q

chronic heart failure

A

ACE and BB - lisinopril 2.5 and bisoprolol 1.25
increase doses as tolerated
mild mod - candesartan 4mg
african-carribean - hydralazine 25 and isonitrate 20
mod severe - spironolactone 25mg

28
Q

AF

A

rate >90 - beta blocker, diltiazem

digoxin if both tolerated

29
Q

stable angina

A

GTN PRN
secondary prevention - aspirin and statin
anti-anginal - BB or CCB

30
Q

asthma

A

SABA
ICS
LTRA/LABA
increase steroid

31
Q

COPD

A

SABA
LAMA/LABA
LABA/ICS
triple therapy

32
Q

secondary prevention in diabetes

A

aspirin (RFs or >50)
statin (RFs or >40)
ACR - ACEi
glue lowering therapy

33
Q

T2DM

A 
>48 after lifestyle 
metformin
>58
gliclizide
DPP4
pioglitazone
aiming 53 for when there is 2 or more drugs
34
Q

tonic clonic seizure

A

valproate

35
Q

myoclonic seizure

A

valproate

36
Q

absence

A

valproate or ethosuximide

37
Q

focal

A

lamotrigine or carbemazepine

38
Q

epilepsy pregnant

A

lamotrigine

39
Q

alzheimers

A

only started by specialists

mild moderate - ACHEi rivastigmine, donepazil,
severe - NMDA - memantine

40
Q

IBD

A

crohns
induce remission: steroid
maintenance: azathioprine

UC
induce remission: mesalazine (IV hydrocortisone if severe)
maintain: mesalazine

41
Q

obstruction

A

drip and suck

never give a laxative

42
Q

insomnia

A

zopiclone

43
Q

nausea in PD

A

domperidone

44
Q

avoided in ischaemic heart disease

A

NSAIDs
oestrogens
Varenicline

45
Q

acute dystonic reaction

A

procyclidine

PSA (7 decks)

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