Specific diseases Flashcards
What pathogen causes feline infectious anaemia and how is it spread?
Mycoplasma haemofelis (intra-RBC) Spread by fleas, blood transfusions or vertically
How is feline infectious anaemia treated?
Doxycycline or prednisolone
What 3 factors make up Virchows triad for risk of thromboembolism?
Endothelial injury
Hypercoaguability
Abnormal blood flow
How is polycythaemia treated?
Phlebotomy
Replace with colloids or electrolytes to relieve hyperviscosity
Hydroxycarbamide
How can you tell the difference between polycythaemia and dehydration based on clinical signs?
Dehydrated - tacky mucus membranes
Polycythaemia - hyperaemic mms +/- neuro signs, retinal detachment and blind
What is the treatment for multiple myeloma?
Chemotherapy - melphalan
What are the symptoms of Von Willebrand’s disease?
Mucosal bleeding
GI tract, epistaxis, haematuria
Increased bucosal bleedig time but normal PT/PTT
What breed is predisposed to Von Willebrand’s?
Dobermann
What is the treatment for Von Willebrand’s?
Cryoprecipiate (transfusion of vWF +/- whole blood if anaemic)
(Desmopression before procedure to cause release of vWF from endothelium)
Von Willebrand’s can be inherited or acquired. Give an example of a condition that may cause acquired vWF
Severe aortic stenosis
IMTP is primarily in what sex?
Females
Spaniels
Haemophila A and B are sex linked and are diagnosed by specific clotting assays. What is the difference between A and B?
A = deficiency of factor 8 B = deficiency of factor 9
What abnormal blood cells are often seen with DIC?
Shistocytes (fragmented RBC)
What is DIC?
Disseminated intravascular coagulopathies
Excessive coagulation causing microthrombi in organs
Leads to ischaemia, encrosis and organ failure
(Chronic better Px than acute)
What is the treatment for DIC?
Treat underlying cause
Heparin
Whole blood or plasma transfusion
What is neonatal isoerthrolysis?
Specific time of IMHA
Neonates’ RBCs destroyed by maternal antibodies
(Type A or AB kittens born to type B queen)
What breed of cats is prone to neonatal isoerythrolysis?
British Shorthair
How can neonatal isoerthrolysis be prevented/treated?
Avoid B queens mating with A/AB toms
Foster kittens for first 24 hours, give milk from cat with same blood type
What type of anaemia does Mycoplasma haemofelis cause?
Regenerative anaemia
(Immune mediated haemolysis)
May be non regenerative if associated with FeLV or FIV
How is Mycoplasma haemofelis diagnosed?
PCR (definitive)
What anaemia does anaemia of chronic disease cause?
Normocytic, normochromic non-regenerative
e.g. kidney disease - decreased erythropoietin
What is the treatment for anaemia of chronic disease?
No specific therapy - treat underlying cause
What type of anaemias do FeLV and FIV cause?
Non-regenerative
What may be an underlying cause of DIC?
Septicaemia Immune mediated disease Neoplasia Cardiac disease Trauma, heat stroke
