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Disease & Defense - Unit 2 > Specific Antiboitic Characteristics > Flashcards

Specific Antiboitic Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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2
Q

Penicillin V: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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3
Q

Penicillin V: spectrum

A

gram+ cocci (Staph/Strep/Entero); gram- cocci (neisseria, M.catarrhalis); gram+ rods; most anearobes (not Bacteriodes)

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4
Q

Penicillin V: side effects

A

anaphylaxis (rare), rash (common)

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5
Q

Amoxicillin: drug category

A

Penicillins

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6
Q

Amoxicillin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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7
Q

Amoxicillin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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8
Q

Amoxicillin: spectrum

A

gram-rods (H. flu, E. coli) + gram+ cocci

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9
Q

Amoxicillin: side effects

A

superinfection possible

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10
Q

Cephalexin: drug category

A

Cephalosporins (1st generation)

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11
Q

Cephalexin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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12
Q

Cephalexin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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13
Q

Cephalexin: spectrum

A

extended spectrum; gram+ cocci; gram- rods (diarrhea E.coli)

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14
Q

Cephalexin: side effects

A

allergy, less severe than penicillins

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15
Q

Cefdinir: drug category

A

Cephalosporins (3rd generation)

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16
Q

Cefdinir: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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17
Q

Cefdinir: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; good CNS penetration; renal excretion

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18
Q

Cefdinir: spectrum

A

extended spectrum; expanded gram- rads; moderate antipseudomonal

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19
Q

Cefdinir: side effects

A

superinfection possible

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20
Q

Vancomycin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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21
Q

Vancomycin: pharmacokinetics

A

poor oral; renal excretion

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22
Q

Vancomycin: spectrum

A

narrow spectrum=gram+ cocci; MRSA, enterococci; anaerobes: C. difficile

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23
Q

Vancomycin: side effects

A

ototoxicity/renal toxicity; routine monitoring of Cp levles

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24
Q

Azithromycin: drug category

A

Macrolides

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25
Azithromycin: mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic
26
Azithromycin: pharmacokinetics
good oral or IV; liver metabolism
27
Azithromycin: spectrum
extended spectrum; cocci/rods=gram+; rods=some gram-bacilli; atypical=mycoplasma/chlamydia
28
Azithromycin: side effects
GI distrurbances
29
Azithromycin: drug-drug interactions
inhibit P450 metabolism-->DD interactions
30
Doxycycline/Minocycline: drug category
Macrolides
31
Doxycycline/Minocycline: mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic
32
Doxycycline/Minocycline: pharmacokinetics
good oral ; non-renal metabolism
33
Doxycycline/Minocycline: spectrum
broad spectrum; atypical=mycoplasma/chlamydia
34
Azithromycin: side effects
abnormal bone/tooth development, fungal superinfection
35
Azithromycin: drug-drug interactions
w/metal cations in stomach
36
Doxycycline/Minocycline: major clinical use
main choice in CA-MRSA
37
Clindamycin: drug category
Lincomycins
38
Clindamycin: mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic
39
Clindamycin: pharmacokinetics
good oral or IV; liver metabolism
40
Clindamycin: spectrum
narrow spectrum; gram+ cocci, anaerobes
41
Clindamycin: side effects
severe diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis
42
Clindamycin: major clinical use
main choice in CA-MRSA
43
Chloramphenicol: mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor
44
Chloramphenicol: pharmacokinetics
good oral or IV; distributes to CNS/CSF; liver metabolism?
45
Chloramphenicol: spectrum
broad spectrum; gram+/- cocci (H. flu, Neisseria)
46
Chloramphenicol: side effects
bone marrow toxicity, gray-baby syndrome
47
Aminoglycosides: mechanism
protein synthesis inhibitor
48
Aminoglycosides: pharmacokinetics
poor oral; renal excretion
49
Aminoglycosides: spectrum
narrow spectrum; gram - aerobes (E. coli, pseudomonas)
50
Aminoglycosides: side effects
ototoxicity/renal toxicity; routine monitoring of Cp levles
51
Fluoroquinolones: mechanism
inhibition of DNA gyrase; bactericidal
52
Fluoroquinolones: pharmacokinetics
good oral; primarily renal excretion
53
Fluoroquinolones: spectrum
extended spectrum: excellent gram +/-
54
Fluoroquinolones: major clinical uses
Pseudomonas, UTIs
55
Fluoroquinolones: side effects
superinfection, DD interaction
56
Metronidazole: mechanism
inhibition of DNA gyrase; bactericidal
57
Metronidazole: pharmacokinetics
good oral; hepatic metabolism
58
Metronidazole: spectrum
anaerobic (C. difficile), protozoa
59
Metronidazole: side effects
antabuse-like reaction
60
Sulfonamides: mechanism
inhibit folate metabolism; bacteriostatic; bactericidal w/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
61
Sulfonamides: pharmacokinetics
good oral or IV; liver/renal elimination
62
Sulfonamides: spectrum
broad spectrum; gram+/-; chlamydia
63
Sulfonamides: side effects
hypersensitivity skin reactions
64
Sulfonamides: major clinical use
main choice in CA-MRSA

Disease & Defense - Unit 2 (10 decks)

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