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Disease & Defense - Unit 2 > Specific Antiboitic Characteristics > Flashcards

Specific Antiboitic Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin V: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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2
Q

Penicillin V: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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3
Q

Penicillin V: spectrum

A

gram+ cocci (Staph/Strep/Entero); gram- cocci (neisseria, M.catarrhalis); gram+ rods; most anearobes (not Bacteriodes)

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4
Q

Penicillin V: side effects

A

anaphylaxis (rare), rash (common)

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5
Q

Amoxicillin: drug category

A

Penicillins

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6
Q

Amoxicillin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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7
Q

Amoxicillin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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8
Q

Amoxicillin: spectrum

A

gram-rods (H. flu, E. coli) + gram+ cocci

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9
Q

Amoxicillin: side effects

A

superinfection possible

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10
Q

Cephalexin: drug category

A

Cephalosporins (1st generation)

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11
Q

Cephalexin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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12
Q

Cephalexin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; renal excretion

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13
Q

Cephalexin: spectrum

A

extended spectrum; gram+ cocci; gram- rods (diarrhea E.coli)

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14
Q

Cephalexin: side effects

A

allergy, less severe than penicillins

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15
Q

Cefdinir: drug category

A

Cephalosporins (3rd generation)

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16
Q

Cefdinir: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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17
Q

Cefdinir: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; good CNS penetration; renal excretion

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18
Q

Cefdinir: spectrum

A

extended spectrum; expanded gram- rads; moderate antipseudomonal

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19
Q

Cefdinir: side effects

A

superinfection possible

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20
Q

Vancomycin: mechanism

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitor; bactericidal

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21
Q

Vancomycin: pharmacokinetics

A

poor oral; renal excretion

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22
Q

Vancomycin: spectrum

A

narrow spectrum=gram+ cocci; MRSA, enterococci; anaerobes: C. difficile

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23
Q

Vancomycin: side effects

A

ototoxicity/renal toxicity; routine monitoring of Cp levles

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24
Q

Azithromycin: drug category

A

Macrolides

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25
Q

Azithromycin: mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic

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26
Q

Azithromycin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral or IV; liver metabolism

27
Q

Azithromycin: spectrum

A

extended spectrum; cocci/rods=gram+; rods=some gram-bacilli; atypical=mycoplasma/chlamydia

28
Q

Azithromycin: side effects

A

GI distrurbances

29
Q

Azithromycin: drug-drug interactions

A

inhibit P450 metabolism–>DD interactions

30
Q

Doxycycline/Minocycline: drug category

A

Macrolides

31
Q

Doxycycline/Minocycline: mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic

32
Q

Doxycycline/Minocycline: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral ; non-renal metabolism

33
Q

Doxycycline/Minocycline: spectrum

A

broad spectrum; atypical=mycoplasma/chlamydia

34
Q

Azithromycin: side effects

A

abnormal bone/tooth development, fungal superinfection

35
Q

Azithromycin: drug-drug interactions

A

w/metal cations in stomach

36
Q

Doxycycline/Minocycline: major clinical use

A

main choice in CA-MRSA

37
Q

Clindamycin: drug category

A

Lincomycins

38
Q

Clindamycin: mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor; bacteriostatic

39
Q

Clindamycin: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral or IV; liver metabolism

40
Q

Clindamycin: spectrum

A

narrow spectrum; gram+ cocci, anaerobes

41
Q

Clindamycin: side effects

A

severe diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis

42
Q

Clindamycin: major clinical use

A

main choice in CA-MRSA

43
Q

Chloramphenicol: mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

44
Q

Chloramphenicol: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral or IV; distributes to CNS/CSF; liver metabolism?

45
Q

Chloramphenicol: spectrum

A

broad spectrum; gram+/- cocci (H. flu, Neisseria)

46
Q

Chloramphenicol: side effects

A

bone marrow toxicity, gray-baby syndrome

47
Q

Aminoglycosides: mechanism

A

protein synthesis inhibitor

48
Q

Aminoglycosides: pharmacokinetics

A

poor oral; renal excretion

49
Q

Aminoglycosides: spectrum

A

narrow spectrum; gram - aerobes (E. coli, pseudomonas)

50
Q

Aminoglycosides: side effects

A

ototoxicity/renal toxicity; routine monitoring of Cp levles

51
Q

Fluoroquinolones: mechanism

A

inhibition of DNA gyrase; bactericidal

52
Q

Fluoroquinolones: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; primarily renal excretion

53
Q

Fluoroquinolones: spectrum

A

extended spectrum: excellent gram +/-

54
Q

Fluoroquinolones: major clinical uses

A

Pseudomonas, UTIs

55
Q

Fluoroquinolones: side effects

A

superinfection, DD interaction

56
Q

Metronidazole: mechanism

A

inhibition of DNA gyrase; bactericidal

57
Q

Metronidazole: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral; hepatic metabolism

58
Q

Metronidazole: spectrum

A

anaerobic (C. difficile), protozoa

59
Q

Metronidazole: side effects

A

antabuse-like reaction

60
Q

Sulfonamides: mechanism

A

inhibit folate metabolism; bacteriostatic; bactericidal w/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim

61
Q

Sulfonamides: pharmacokinetics

A

good oral or IV; liver/renal elimination

62
Q

Sulfonamides: spectrum

A

broad spectrum; gram+/-; chlamydia

63
Q

Sulfonamides: side effects

A

hypersensitivity skin reactions

64
Q

Sulfonamides: major clinical use

A

main choice in CA-MRSA

Disease & Defense - Unit 2 (10 decks)

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