Specific Flashcards
Any substance that may trigger an immune response
Antigen
Most antigens are ______ or ________ that come from a bacterium, virus, fungus or protist
proteins, polysaccharides
An incomplete antigen; Unable to stimulate an immune response
Hapten
Parts of an antigen that B and T cells recognize and mount an immune response to
Epitopes
_________ recognize an antigen and ______ to a particular epitope on an antigen
Lymphocytes, bind
Also known as immunoglobulins, Y-shaped glycoproteins with two sites for binding antigens
Antibodies
Antibodies can activate complement cascades, neutralize antigens and promote _______ of targeted _______
Phagocytosis, antigens
5 Antibody isotypes
▪ IgG – most common
▪ IgA – second most prevalent
▪ IgM – third most abundant
▪ IgE
▪ IgD
Monomer, most abundant isotype, crosses the placenta and made later during infection
IgG
Monomer or dimer, second most prevalent isotype, main antibody in milk, resistant to stomach acid
IgA
Monomer or pentameter, third most abundant isotype, made early in infection, large size limits where it can migrate
IgM
Monomer, rare isotype, Fights parasitic; Mediates allergic responses
IgE
Monomer, rare isotype, Bound to B lymphocytes; Poorly understood
IgD
Immunity from a previous infection
Naturally acquired active immunity
Vaccination triggers immune response
Artificially acquired active immunity
Antibodies pass across the placenta
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Antiserum neutralizes toxins
Artificially acquired passive immunity
______ optimize immunological memory and antibody titers
Vaccinations
Allow for fast, amplified response upon re-exposure to an antigen
Memory cells
The _______ is a measure of how many antibodies an individual has against a particular antigen or group of antigens
Antibody titer
