Species and Taxonomy

Question 1

What is a species

Answer 1

A species is a group of individuals capable of breeding to produce living and fertile offspring

Question 2

anatomical adaptation

Answer 2

body structure e.g. long ears in the desert and short in the arctic

Question 3

physiological adaptation

Answer 3

how the body works e.g. oxidizing of fat in camels to produce water

Question 4

behavioral adaptation

Answer 4

adapted to act in a certain way e.g hibernation, migrations

Question 5

binomial naming system

Answer 5

universal and in italics or underlined

Question 6

first name order system

Answer 6

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 7

Specific name order system

Answer 7

Animalia
Chordata
Mamalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Felix Panthera
Pardus

Question 8

Courtship displays

Answer 8

brightly colored feathers
insects dance
bird song
animal noises
vocalizations
display areas of beauty and strength

Question 9

How to courtship behaviors evolve?

Answer 9

stimulus - male communicates a courtship signal
visual stimulus for female
CNS sends message to female nervous system
effector contracts or releases a hormone
female responds
her response is a stimulus to the male
male responds

Question 10

how do courtship behaviours ensure that an organism can reporduce

Answer 10

enables an organism to recognise one of their own species
identify if a male is capable of breeding
forming pair bonds (life long partners)
synchronizing mating season

Question 11

classification

Answer 11

organisation of living organisms into groups

Question 12

taxonomy

Answer 12

the theory and practice of biological classification

Question 13

what is artificial classification

Answer 13

based on analogous characteristics (appearance) 
not based on evolutionary relationships 
e.g. bats and butterflies
       sharks and fish 
       penguins and birds

Question 14

what is phylogenetic classification

Answer 14

arranges groups of organisms into a hierarchy
classifies species based on shared features
characteristics are derived from ancestors
based on evolutionary relationships
partly based on homologous characteristics

Question 15

what is a hierarchy

Answer 15

smaller groups within larger groups with no overlap between the groups
each group is called a taxon (taxa) and they are based on ancestry/evolutionary relationships history

Question 16

what are the three domains

Answer 16

bacteria
archea
eukayrotic

Question 17

bacteria key features

Answer 17

found in plasmids and loops of free floating DNA
smaller
70s ribosomes, no mitochondria, plasmids
cell wall, cell membrane, cell wall made from murein

Question 18

archea key features

Answer 18

single celled prokaryotes 
similar shape and size to bacteria 
DNA/genes and protein synthesis like eukaryotes
no meurin in cell wall
no membrane bound organelle, no nucleus

Question 19

eukaryotic key features

Answer 19

DNA found in nucleus, proteins (histomes)
larger
70 and 80s ribosomes, no plasmids
cell membrane/some have a cell wall (cellulose)
multi cellular
four main kingdoms: prototista
fungi
plantas
animals

Question 20

phylogenetic classification advantages and disadvantages

Answer 20

advantages
easy to do 
easy to distinguish which animals look alike
observable characteristics
no advanced equipment 

disadvantages
may have different genetic characteristics
live in different environments
opinions are subjective
patterns of inheritance aren’t always clear
differences aren’t often discreet
fossil data hard to find