Speciation Processes

Question 1

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 1

Speciation caused when a population is geographically isolated and each group evolves differently due to different niches

Question 2

Behavioural Barrier

Answer 2

A behaviour an animal shows which is unique to its species and is not recognised by other species, prevents breeding

Question 3

Cline

Answer 3

Gradient, change over an area, of a phenotype over a geographic area

Question 4

Deme

Answer 4

One of a number of populations that is genetically semi-isolated from similar populations

Question 5

Pre zygotic Isolation Mechanism

Answer 5

barrier which acts before fertilisation to prevent egg and sperm from different populations uniting

Question 6

Post zygotic isolation mechanism

Answer 6

a barrier which acts after fertilisation to prevents the hybrid from being successful

Question 7

Polyploidy

Answer 7

Mutation producing more than twice the normal haploid number of chromosomes

Question 8

Hybrid Sterility

Answer 8

post-zygotic barrier, hybrid might be fit and healthy, but is infertile

Question 9

Structural barrier

Answer 9

differences in reproductive organs that makes mating impossible

Question 10

sympatric speciation

Answer 10

speciation that does not require a physical barrier, like geographical barriers, but instead speciation by polyploidy

Question 11

Temporal Barrier

Answer 11

2 species are active/sexually ready at different times/seasons which prevents breeding

Question 12

Instantaneous Speciation

Answer 12

Another name for sympatric speciation, usually caused by polyploidy

Question 13

niche

Answer 13

a niche is the relationship of an organism to its environment, how the organism is particularly suited to the environment