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Sam: Psychiatry > Specialty Disciplines Part 2 > Flashcards

Specialty Disciplines Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Syndrome characterized by gross impairments in the ability to assess reality, and behave coherently

A

Psychosis

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2
Q

There are 6 clinical features of psychosis. What are they, and how many do you need to be diagnosed with psychosis?

A

you only need 1

  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions
  3. Disorganized speech
  4. Disorganized behavior
  5. Disorganized motor behavior
  6. Negative symptoms
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3
Q

Disorder characterized by psychosis, and disintegration of abilities to think logically and maintain normal social behavior

A

Schizophrenia

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4
Q

How long must you exhibit schizophrenic symptoms to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?

A

6 months

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5
Q

Are schizophrenia related hallucinations typically auditory or visual?

A

Auditory

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6
Q

What are great about using atypical anti-psychotics for schizophrenics?

A

They treat both positive and negative symptoms

They work immediately

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7
Q

Schizophreniform disorder is from ______ month(s) to ________ months(s)

A

1 to 6

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8
Q

Brief psychotic disorder is classified as ______ day(s) to ________ month(s)

A

1 day to 1 month

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9
Q

A disorder characterized by a baseline of psychosis with inter-episode mood symptoms

A

Schizoaffective disorder

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10
Q

In schizoaffective disorder there will be intervals of JUST psychotic symptoms – how long are those intervals?

A

2 weeks

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11
Q

Disorder involving delusions about plausible events, such as being persecuted, having a serious illness, or having a secret relationship with another person.

A

Delusional disorder

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12
Q

Bipolar has a _______ percent recurrence rate

A

90

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13
Q

Episodes of bipolar are associated with ________ ______ loss.

A

brain tissue

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14
Q

The average person with bipolar disorder does not receive proper diagnosis for nearly ______ years after first episode

A

10

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15
Q

Characterized by a decreased need for sleep; restlessness, don’t necessarily feel tired; may look agitated or euphoric; very edgy, compulsive.

A

Manic episodes

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16
Q

What is the big difference between mania and hypomania?

A

Hypomania you are FUNCTIONAL

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17
Q

Bipolar I patients are symptomatic about ______ their lives; majority being ________ state.

Bipolar II patients are symptomatic ________ of their lives

A

half, depressed

most

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18
Q

What are some disadvantages to using Lithium for BPD treatment?

A

Slow onset of 14 days

Narrow therapeutic index

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19
Q

What is the advantage to using Valproate for BPD?

A

Fast onset

Less cognitive impairment than lithium

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20
Q

Why does Lamotrigene have a black box warning?

A

SJS and TEN

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21
Q

We use SIGECAPS to diagnose depression. What does it stand for?

A 
Sleep! 
Interest!
Guilt!
Energy!
Concentration!
Appetite!
Psychomotor!
Suicidality!
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22
Q

Patients with _______ are more likely to experience depression and are 4 times more likely to experience an MI

A

CVD

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23
Q

BPD isn’t so much a disorder of too much or too little of a neurotransmitter, it’s more of a disorder of?

A

synapses and circuits

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24
Q

What is the triad of ADHD?

A

Hyperactivity, Inattention, Impulsivity

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25
Q

What hormone is dysfunctional in binge eating?

A

Ghrelin

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26
Q

Expect __________ to decline as child gets older. ________ symptoms tend to persist into adulthood.

A

hyperactivity, inattentive

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27
Q

IQ less than _______ is considered mental retardation

A

70

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28
Q

Mental retardation, abnormal facial features, intractable hyperactivity

A

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

29
Q

In addition to sub-average IQ, what other aspects must be present to be diagnosed with mental retardatin

A

Impairment in present adaptive functioning in at least 2 domains

Onset before age 18

30
Q

Impairment in social interaction, impairment in communication-language delays, repetitive pattern of behavior. Think of?

A

Autism

31
Q

How is Asperger’s different than autism?

A

No language delays

32
Q

What other comorbid disorders are often associated with ADHD?

A

Learning disabilities, ODD, anxiety, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and tourette’s

33
Q

What two scales are commonly used to assess/diagnose ADHD?

A

Vanderbilt Scale and Connors’ Rating Scale

34
Q

We often treat ADHD with stimulants, how do these drugs work?

A

Reuptake inhibition of norepinephrine and dopamine

35
Q

How effective are stimulants in treating ADHD?

A

Very! Up to 90% response rate

36
Q

what are some common side effects of psychostimulants?

A

Decreased appetite, weight loss, insomnia, GI complaints, headaches

37
Q

In reference to tic disorders, what are the 3 P’s?

A

Pain, personality (child is teased and ashamed), and/or performance

38
Q

How do depressive symptoms differ between adults and kids?

A

Adults will be in a depressed mood most of the day, somatic complaints

youth will be irritable or cranky most of the day and complain of persistent boredom

**there are many other differences

39
Q

What is the single most predictive risk factor for depression?

A

Genetic family loading

40
Q

between the ages 10-24, suicide is the ______ leading cause of death?

A

third

41
Q

What are the two key suicide risk factors?

A
  1. The presence of one or more diagnosable mental disorders

2. A prior suicide attempt

42
Q

studies have shown that a combination of ________ and ________ ______ ________ results in significant clinical improvement in 71% of moderately to severe depressed adolescents

A

fluoxetine and cognitive behavioral therapy

43
Q

Anxiety disorders are divided into 3 categories. What are they?

A
  1. Anxiety disorders
  2. Obsessive-Compulsive and related disorders
  3. Trauma and stressor-related disorders
44
Q

Excessive or persistent anxiety surrounding leaving the caregivers, fantastic worries, school refusal, academic difficulties, and co-morbid depression.

A

Separation Anxiety Disorder

45
Q

How do we treat separation anxiety disorder?

A

Identify the trigger through therapy — help the child understand the trigger and coping with the trigger in other ways

46
Q

A condition where the child fails to speak in certain venues where there is an exception of speaking despite talking into other situations

A

Selective mutism

47
Q

How long do selective mutism symptoms have to last in order to be diagnosed?

A

1 month

48
Q

what are our two ways of treating specific phobias?

A
  1. Systematic desensitization (feared stimuli are paired with relaxation training)
  2. Flooding (massive exposure to a feared stimulus until anxiety subsides)
49
Q

How do we treat social anxiety disorder?

A

Cognitive behavioral therapy – particularly assertiveness training

May have to use pharmacological treatment to get people out of the house

50
Q

Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks or abrupt surges of intense fear and discomfort that peaks in 1 minute or so, and during which the patient experiences 4 of the 13 symptoms listed in the DSM-V?

A

Panic disorder

51
Q

excessive, poorly controlled anxiety about routine life circumstances that continues for more than 6 months, where the person finds it difficult to control the worry and the worry impairs daily functioning

A

Generalized anxiety disorder

52
Q

Recurrent obsessions and/OR compulsions that are disruptive to the patient’s life, and greatly interferes with daily functioning

Individual recognizes these are unreasonable and bothersome

A

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

53
Q

How do we treat OCD?

A

SSRI’s and behavioral therapies

54
Q

A normal-appearing individual has excessive preoccupation with an imagined physical defect

A

Body dysmorphic disorder

55
Q

How do we treat body dysmorphic disorder?

A

Serotonergic drugs are effective at maximal doses

CBT may be helpful

56
Q

Persistent difficulty in discarding or parting with possessions regardless of actual value

A

Hoarding disorder

57
Q

Do people having insight with hoarding disorder?

A

Sometimes – insight can be good to poor

58
Q

“hair pulling disorder”

A

Trichotillomania

59
Q

Recurrent skin picking disorder

A

Excoriation disorder

60
Q

What is reactive detachment disorder?

A

A consistent pattern of inhibited and emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers where the child seeks minimal comfort when distressed

61
Q

Pattern of behavior in which a child approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults

A

Disinhibited social engagement disorder

62
Q

How do we diagnose Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

A

1+ “intrusion symptoms”

1+ “avoidance symptoms”

2+ “negative cognitions”

2+ “arousal symptoms”

63
Q

Most cases of PTSD resolve in how long?

A

3 months

cases can last a lifetime

64
Q

What type of therapy is particularly helpful in treating PTSD?

A

Group psychotherapy

65
Q

why should we be hesitant to use pharmacological treatment to treat PTSD?

A

PTSD sufferers have an increased propensity to abuse medications

66
Q

Short-version of PTSD, symptoms last less than 1 month

A

Acute Stress Disorder

67
Q

Diagnostic clues to diagnosing this disorder include a “nervous breakdown”, inability to manage life problems, and overwhelming anxiety or depression associated with life stressors

A

Adjustment disorders

68
Q

Adjustment disorders must occur within _______ months of the stressor

A

3

Sam: Psychiatry (3 decks)

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