Specialism 5: Living & Public Housing

Question 1

What is the context of housing?

Answer 1

• This is on municipal level (a little bit provincial)
• Necessary to have shelter and a right for shelter (UVRM)
• Housing market: supply and demand can work different than in real estate because: uncertainties in the market (ex. demographics), fixed, location, high price, long life space, government intervention, home’s special significance as a basic provision, protection and status

Question 2

What is the history of housing?

Answer 2

1944: Abercrombie Plan in London: design the city from scratch into zones (for living, working, retail and commerce) and connected by network of highway (for workers and raw materials), neighbourhoods centred around schools (6000-10000 residents), one school is enough to provide for the neighbourhood, highways mean economic development

Land-use changes over time due to population growth (ex. industrial revolution)

1900: intervention in dwellings, not healthy to live with a lot of people in a house.

Netherlands has a long tradition of public housing, since 1901 (Woningwet), high production after WWII, object and subject subsidies

Question 3

What are relevant actors in housing?

Answer 3

• household and individual: what is in demand?
• housing cooperation/association
• investors
• developers
• private landlords
• province
• municipality

Question 4

What are the challenges for housing?

Answer 4

• do you have the opportunity to demand? do you have to adjust to the supply (shortage)?
• demographics: providing the right quantity and quality of dwellings, changing size and composition of the population, cohort survival (certain ages groups that will grow up together)

Question 5

What is the institutional design for housing?

Answer 5

1901: Housing Act: primarily about public health, size and sanitation of dwellings

art. 20 GW: obligation to aid people who are not able to provide
art. 22 GW: promote health of population, provide sufficient living accommodation
art. 21 GW: basis for spatial planning, keep country habitable and protect and improve the environment

Housing associations build homes, but also social and leisure activities (art. 22 GW). Low rents and large waiting lists. Also responsible for disabled people, sport, leisure, schools, and development of the neighbourhood (social cohesion, social control, and social safety)

Question 6

What are the tools to regulate the quality and quantity of housing?

Answer 6

• permits
• land delivery: residual land value (market value - costs, what do you want to pay for it?)
• tenant protection
• subsidies
• mandatory mixed development
• ignoring: there will still be development, but how healthy is it?
• clearing
• legalising

Question 7

What are the tools and approaches in housing?

Answer 7

Policy is developed based on:

• prognosis and qualitative research
• data of monitoring
• local (and area specific) challenges (ex. student housing)
• provincial policy, and also regional

The aim/goals of policy:

• sufficient and differentiated supply of homes
• prevent building in open and high-quality landscapes
• development of economy (jobs) and living
• regional consideration for differentiation in types of living
• quality challenge after crisis

Question 8

What are the trends in housing?

Answer 8

.- what is the demographic projection?

• people stay in dwellings longer
• redevelopment of industrial areas
• energy landscapes
• LILA (living in leisure rich areas)
• designing for students