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Cell Biology > Specialised Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Specialised Connective Tissue Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does cartilage not have?

A

Any blood or nerves

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2
Q

What is the most common type of cartilage?

A

Hyaline

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3
Q

Describe:
- The features of hyaline
- Where it is found and why

A
  • The matrix consists mainly of
    hydrated gel with some collagen fibres but few elastic fibres.
  • Gives it rigidity - forms specialised
    parts of the skeleton where bone is not required (thus saving on weight)
  • Respiratory tract, nasal septum
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4
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic

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5
Q

How does connective tissue differ from cartilage?

A

The matrix-producing cells, the chondrocytes, found
in all types of cartilage, are themselves embedded in the semi-solid gel and thus occupy lacunae.

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6
Q

Describe the cells in cartilage.

A

Chondroblasts - immature cells with the potential for secreting matrix.
Chondrocytes - the mature cells that are embedded in the matrix that they have secreted.

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7
Q

Where are chondroblasts found?

A

They lie on the surface
of the cartilage within a fibrous layer of connective tissue, the perichondrium.

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8
Q

What are the features of fibrocartilage and where is it found and why?

A
  • Contains a high proportion of collagen fibres
  • Gives it a high degree of tensile strength so found in intervertebral discs.
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9
Q

What are the features of elastic cartilage and where is it found and why?

A
  • Much more flexible than hyaline cartilage, due to a
    much higher content of elastic fibres
  • Found in parts of the skeleton where flexibility is an
    advantage
  • Pinna (outer part) of the ear
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10
Q

Give examples of liquid CT.

A

Blood and lymph

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11
Q

What are the four different classifications of bones?

A

Long, short, flat or irregular.

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12
Q

What are the three different parts of a long bone?

A

Shaft - diaphysis
Ends - epiphysis

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13
Q

In a growing bone, how are the diaphysis and epiphysis joined?

A

Plate of cartilage called the epiphyseal growth plate.

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14
Q

What is the centre of a long bone called?

A

Medullary cavity

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15
Q

What two types of bone surround the medullary cavity?

A

Compact bone and spongy bone

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16
Q

Where is compact bone found?

A

On the outside

17
Q

What are the spaces in spongy bone filled with?

A

Bone marrow

18
Q

What is the medullary cavity filled with?

A

Bone marrow

19
Q

Outline the structure of the epiphysis.

A

Filled with spongy bone surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone.

20
Q

What are the two types of bone marrow?

A

Yellow or red

21
Q

Describe red and yellow bone marrow and where they’re found.

A

Red - synthesis of blood cells (hematopoiesis) - epiphysis
Yellow - fat so has adipocytes - diaphysis

22
Q

What is special about bone ECM?

A

It is calcified.

23
Q

What are the bone cells and their relationship?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells (stem cells) –> differentiate into osteoblasts when required –>
some cells get trapped in the matrix and differentiate into mature bone cells called osteocytes. Also have osteoclasts.

24
Q

What are osteoblasts?

A

Active cells that synthesise the matrix components.

25
Q

What are the fate of osteoblasts?

A

Apoptosis, osteocytes or bone lining cells.

26
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A
  • Multi-nucleated giant cells
  • Bone digesting cells (responsible for bone resorption)
27
Q

What is the role of osteocytes?

A

Maintain bone matrix.

28
Q

What is compact bone covered with?

A

Uncalcified dense connective tissue called the periosteum.

29
Q

What is the periosteum needed for?

A
  • Bone growth and repair
  • Outer limiting layer
  • Nourishment to the bone
  • Forms a site of attachment for tendons of muscles
30
Q

How is bone arranged?

A
  • Arranged in regular layers
  • Called mature lamellar bone
  • Collagen fibres arranged in layers and run parallel to eachother
  • Layers arranged in concentric circles around a central canal
31
Q

What is found in the central canal of lamellar bone?

A

Vessels, parties, veins and nerves.

32
Q

What is the central canal called?

A

Haversian canal

33
Q

What is the central canal surrounded by?

A

Concentric layers of calcified bone matrix - lamellae.

34
Q

What is the lamellae + canal called?

A

Osteon or Haversian system

35
Q

What is between osteons?

A

Interstitial lamellae - remains of remodelled osteons.

36
Q

Draw an osteon.

A

Look at notes

37
Q
A

Cell Biology (18 decks)

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