specialised cells

Question 1

organelle

Answer 1

structure in a cell with a particular function

Question 2

cell

Answer 2

building block of every organism

Question 3

tissue

Answer 3

collection of similar cells that together carry out a specific function within an organism

Question 4

organ

Answer 4

collection of different tissues that together carry out a specific function within an organism

Question 5

organ system

Answer 5

collection of organs that carry out a specific function within an organism

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

selectively permeable controls movement of molecules in and out of cell

Question 7

cytoplasm

Answer 7

liquid gel in which many of the chemical reactions take place

Question 8

mitochondria

Answer 8

carry out aerobic respiration to release energy (in ATP) from glucose

Question 9

ribosome

Answer 9

production of proteins using information coded in the DNA

Question 10

ER

Answer 10

storage and transport of chemicals and proteins within cells

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

modification and transport of proteins

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

support structure also involved in movement of organelles and sometimes of the cell its self (WBCs)

Question 13

lysosome

Answer 13

small vacuole containing enzymes to break down old cell parts and large molecules

Question 14

permanent vacuole

Answer 14

filled with cell sap stores food water and waste and keeps cell turgid

Question 15

choroplast

Answer 15

uses light energy to make glucose by photosynthesis

Question 16

cell wall

Answer 16

made of cellulose stops plant cell from bursting when it takes in water

Question 17

different features of plant and animal cells

Answer 17

PLANT
choroplast
cell wall
permanent vacuole

ANIMAL
lysosomes

Question 18

size and description of animal cells

Answer 18

0.02 mm
variable shape
not angular
flexible

Question 19

size and description of plant cells

Answer 19

0.1 mm (bigger)
angular
often rectangular
rigid

Question 20

size and description of plant cells

Answer 20

0.1 mm (bigger)
angular
often rectangular
rigid

Question 21

motor nerve cell funct and adapt

Answer 21

transmits nerve stimuli
very long axon
makes neurotransmitters

Question 22

sperm cell funct and adapt

Answer 22

fertilisation of egg
tail for movement
many mitochondria
acrosome with enzymes to digest egg membrane
half number of chromosomes (haploid)

Question 23

egg cell funct and adapt

Answer 23

fertilisation
very large cell
contains food for developing embryo
half number of chromosomes (haploid)

Question 24

red blood cell funct and adapt

Answer 24

transports oxygen
contains haemoglobin which binds oxygen
no nucleus (more space for haemoglobin)
biconcave shape large SA

Question 25

muscle cell funct and adapt

Answer 25

contraction
long cell which is able to shorten
lots of mitochondria for energy (ATP production)

Question 26

ciliated cell funct and adapt

Answer 26

clears airways
cilia that beat back and forth to move material or particles out of lungs
(sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria our of lungs)

Question 27

palisade cell funct and adapt

Answer 27

photosynthesis
lots of choroplasts (eg. 100 per cell)
tightly packed and elongated

Question 28

guard cell funct and adapt

Answer 28

controls opening of stomata
takes up and releases water by osmosis to open and close stomata
thickened cell wall on one side to give cell shape when turgid

Question 29

root hair cell funct and adapt

Answer 29

uptake of water and minerals
have root hair to increase surface area
large permanent vacuole
close to xylem for water and mineral transport

Question 30

white blood cell funct and adapt

Answer 30

destroys patrogens
lymphocytes produce antibodies
phagocytes engulf and digest microbes
lobed nucleus in phagocytes