special topics Flashcards
brain tumors are often diagnosed between what two age groups?
0-15yo
50-70yo
etiology of brain tumors?
unknown
difference b.w primary & secondary brain tumors?
primary: originate in CNS
secondary: outside CNS (1/3 in lungs, breast, skin, GI, kidney)
what type of tumor is most aggressive?
glioblastoma
which symptom is common in 50% of brain tumors?
headache
whats papilledema?
pressure/swelling on optic nerve due to inc cranial pressure and causes transient visual loss
what type of MRI is used to diagnose tumor
Functional MRI
tumor medical management includes
chemo, radiation, surgery/biopsy
what causes a brain abscess?
bacteria reaches brain tissue after an infection or severe head injury
what causes encephalitis?
virus, autoimmune inflammation, bacteria, insect bite
what causes meningitis?
bacteria/virus flowing thru CSF
what causes meningitis in adults? kids?
adults: e.coli/strep
kids: influenza/pneumonia
clinical signs of meningitis
fever, headache, altered state, painful cervical flexion
2 special tests for meningitis
Brudzinski, kernig sign
S & S of inflammatory disorders
hypersensitivity, and perceptual/cog issues
5 component of normal postural control
vertical orientation
anticipatory
reactive
sensory organi,
dynamic control during gait
explain cystic fibrosis
genetic disorder causes obstruction of lungs by thick mucus
life expectancy of pt with cystic fibrosis
36yo
tx during PT for cystic fibrosis
postural drainage, percussion, breathing exercises
T/F pts can participate in vigorous exercises with cystic fibrosis
T
spinal muscular atrophy is caused by a mutation of SMN1 gene that causes ___ m weakness and loss of ______ in spinal cord and brain stem nuclei
progressive; anterior horn cells
fatigue, diff w. chewing, swallowing, breathing, LMN signs and scoliosis
these symptoms/signs indicate?
SMA
PT tx for SMA
prevent contractures
braces for proper alignment
breathing exercises
this SMA classification indicates onset at <6mo and death occurs before age 2
SMA Type I: Werdnig-hoffman disease
explain type II classification of SMA
onset 6-18mo with delayed milestones and IND ambulation until age 30-40yo
this SMA type has onset at >18mo with normal life span and IND ambulation until age 30-40
Type III
This SMA type has onset at >10yo and maintain IND ambulation and normal life expectancy
Type IV
which genetic disorder is most common
Charcot marie tooth CMT
Charcot marie tooth CMT is a motor or sensory peripheral nerve disorder? or both?
both
Charcot marie tooth CMT (does/doesn’t) impair the CNS and has a (normal/not normal) life expectancy
doesn’t; normal
2 main focuses in PT for Charcot marie tooth CMT
improve symptoms and prevent contractures
M weakness in LEs that may progress to UEs, atrophy, hammer toes/high arches, impaired sensation, tripping/falls are symptoms of which disorder?
Charcot marie tooth CMT
pt with this autoimmune disease develop antibodies against ACh receptors and block ACh which causes muscle weakness and rapid fatigue
Myasthenia Gravis
T/F Myesthenia gravis can be cured with medications
false; no cure
this disease initially has Sxs of ptosis, diplopia, and diff closing eyes tightly. In later stages the sxs include diff chewing, dysphagia & dysarthria
Myesthenia gravis
during execrations, pts with MG should/shouldn’t exercise?
shouldn’t; return to mild-mod intensity when stable
Post-polio syndrome is often diagnosed 15-40yrs after initial infection and present with what type of symptoms?
new/inc m weakness
fatigue
muscle/jt pain
neuropathic changes on EMG
exercise plays an important role in post-polio syndrome but should not cause?
soreness/pain/fatigue which prevent pt from participating in other activities
what intensity can be used to strengthen in pts with post-polio syndrome?
mild-mod int.
aerobic ther ex should not cause m fatigue or soreness and should be completed __ x a week and slowly build up to ___ minutes per day at ___ intensity in post-polio syndrome
3-4; 30; light-mod
3 special considerations when working with pts who have post-polio syndrome
be aware of:
severe fatigue: adjust lifestyle
severe weakness
stretch/aerobics should be considered whenever possible
if pt with post-polio syndrome has severe weakness what type of exercise would u avoid to prevent further damage?
strengthening
explain chiari malformation and tx
downward displacement of cerebellum into foramen magnum and ventrical shunt put in place if hydrocephalus is present
this is a rare disease that causes inflammation of myelin on both sides of the spinal cord that causes damage to nerve cells and prevents transmission of nerve signals
Transverse Myelitis
what causes Transverse Myelitis
infx, autoimmune disease, immune disorder, MS
Sxs of Transverse Myelitis
initially LBP with paresthesia that progresses quickly
pain + sensory issues
weakness, paralysis, stiffness
bladder/bowel dysfunction
PT for Transverse Myelitis?
treat as SCI
