Special Tests

Question 1

Test(s) for Adductor Injury?

Answer 1

Adductor Squeeze Test

Question 2

Describe how you would carry out Adductor Squeeze Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 2

Adductor Injury.
Patient lying supine, place fist between patients knees and ask them to squeeze.
Completed at 0, 45 and 90* of hip flexion.
+ve = pain in adductors or bone pain by pelvic ring.

Question 3

Describe how you would carry out FADIR Test:

Answer 3

Patient in supine, grasp the ankle and above the knee then bring the hip into Flexion, Adduction & Internal Rotation.
+ve = provocation of symptoms +/- clicking

Question 4

Describe how you would carry out Craig’s Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 4

Femoral anteversion
Patient lies prone with 90* knee flexion. palpate the greater trochanter whilst passively internal rotating the hip (bringing the foot out). Rotate until the most prominent aspect of the GT is at its most lateral point.

Results:
Retroversion = <8* Rot.
Normal = 8-15* Rot.
Anteversion = >15* Rot.

Question 4

Craig’s Test is measuring potential femoral anteversion, what is this?

Answer 4

The angle between the femoral neck and femoral shaft, indicating the degree of torsion of the femur

Question 5

Test(s) for Rectus Femoris Spasticity or Tightness?

Answer 5

Ely’s Test

Question 5

What does a +ve for FADIR Test mean:

Answer 5

Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI), anterior labral tear or iliopsoas tendinitis.

Question 6

Describe how you would carry out FABER Test:

Answer 6

Patient in supine, grasp the ankle and above the knee then bring the hip into Flexion, Abduction & External Rotation.
+ve = provocation of symptoms +/- clicking

Question 7

Describe how you would carry out Ely’s Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 7

Rec Fem Tightness / Spasticity
Patient prone, place hand on lower back and grasp heel then passively flex the knee quickly touching heel to buttock.
+ve = heel does not touch buttock or hip rises up from the table (or pain / tingling)

Question 8

Describe how you would carry out the Fulcrum Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 8

Femoral Shaft Stress #.
Patient seated asked to lean back and put weight on their hands behind them. Place forearm underneath the thigh and then press down on the anterior thigh distally to the arm underneath the thigh.
+ve = pain and/or apprehension.

Question 9

Test(s) for Femoral Anteversion?

Answer 9

Typically performed using imaging, however, if unavailable or suspected then can use:
Craig’s Test

Question 10

Test(s) for Femoral Shaft Stress #?

Answer 10

Fulcrum Test

Question 11

Test(s) for Irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis?

Answer 11

FAIR Test

Question 12

What is the function of the Hip Quadrant Test?

Answer 12

Determines hip pathology (non-specific test).

Question 12

What is the purpose for FABER Test:

Answer 12

To be used in a cluster for assessment.

Question 12

What is the FAIR test commonly known as?

Answer 12

The Piriformis Test.

Question 13

Test(s) for Leg Length Discrepency?

Answer 13

Leg Length Discrepancy Test.

Question 13

Describe how you would carry out the Trendelenburg Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 13

Hip Abductor Weakness.
Ask patient to stand on one leg for 30sec and keep pelvis level.
+ve = Pelvis drops towards unsupported side

Question 13

Describe how you would carry out the FAIR Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 13

Irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis
Patient in side lying, passively flex their hip into flexion, adduction and IR.
+ve = Reproduction of pain / symptoms.

Question 14

Test(s) for Hip Labral Tear?

Answer 14

McCarthy Test

Question 15

Describe how you would carry out the Stinchfield Test:

Answer 15

Supine, SLR with resistance between 30-45*.
+ve = pain or significant weakness

Question 15

Test(s) for Hip Abduction Weakness?

Answer 15

Trendelenburg Test

Question 15

Describe how you would carry out the McCarthy Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 15

Hip Labral Tear.
Patient supine, passively take the hip to full flexion, then full external rotation, then return back to extension before being repeated with internal rotation.
+ve = pain, popping, clicking or catching.

Question 15

Describe how you would carry out the Thomas Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 15

Hip Flexor length / tightness.
Supine lying, pull one leg to the chest and observe the other leg.
Can do it on the edge of the plinth for more stretch.
+ve = elevated thigh, knee extension, lateral thigh movement.

Question 16

Describe how you would carry out the Hip Quadrant Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 16

Determines hip pathology (non-specific test). Patient supine, passively flex and slightly adduct the hip, then apply a compressive force and move towards slight abduction and back to neutral. +ve =Pain reproduction.

Question 16

Describe how you would carry out the Log Roll Test:

Answer 16

Supine with leg in neutral, passively move the leg into IR & ER noting end-range feel.

Question 17

Describe how you would carry out the 90/90 Hamstring Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 17

Hamstring length/tightness. Supine lying with hip and knee at 90* flexion, patient then instructed hold the back of their hamstrings to stabilise it. Then asked to actively extend their knee. +ve = >20* off full extension.

Question 18

Test(s) for Hip Flexor length/tightness?

Answer 18

Thomas Test

Question 19

Describe how you would carry out the Leg Length Discrepancy Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 19

Leg Length Discrepancy Patient supine, measure the length between ASIS and Lateral Malleolus. +ve = discrepancy between sides.

Question 20

Test(s) for Hamstring length/tightness?

Answer 20

90/90 Hamstring Test

Question 21

What tests are used to assess the Sacroiliac Joint (SIJ)?

Answer 21

Cluster of Laslett: - Distraction Test - Thigh Thrust Test - Compression Test - Sacral Thrust Test (- Gaenslen Test) Non-Cluster: Seated Flexion Standing Flexion Yeomans Test Stork Test

Question 22

Describe how you would carry out Ober's Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 22

ITB/TFL tightness. Patient in side lying, grasp the patients top leg, extend and abduct it. Then slowly lower towards the table until motion is restricted. +ve = reluctance to drop leg or pain / discomfort.

Question 23

Describe how you would carry out the Thigh Thrust Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 23

Part of the SIJ Cluster Testing. Patient lies supine with 90* hip flexion & adduction. Place one hand underneath the sacrum to fixate it and apply a A-P force downwards on the femur. +ve = reproduction of pain symptoms

Question 24

Describe how you would carry out the SIJ Compression Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 24

Part of the SIJ Cluster Testing. Patient side lying with 45* HF and 90* KF. Then place your hands on the iliac spine and apply ~5 thrusts downwards. +ve = reproduction of pain symptoms

Question 25

What does Ober's Test measure?

Answer 25

Tightness of ITB & TFL.

Question 26

Describe how you would carry out the Sacral Thrust Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 26

Part of the SIJ Cluster Testing. Patient lies prone, the examiner delivers a P-A thrust through the sacrum +ve = reproduction of pain symptoms

Question 27

Describe how you would carry out the Gaesnslen's Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 27

Part of the SIJ Cluster Testing. Patient in Supine with one leg in full hip flexion and other hanging off the table. The examiner applies overpressure to the flexed leg and counterpressure on the hanging leg. +ve = reproduction of pain symptoms.

Question 28

Describe how you would carry out the SIJ Distraction Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 28

Part of the SIJ Cluster Testing. Patient lies supine and examiner applies ~5x vertical A-Ps on both the patients ASIS. +ve = reproduction of pain symptoms

Question 29

Describe how you would carry out the Stork Test Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 29

SIJ Hypomobility Stand behind the patient and palpate both PSIS. Ask pt to flex one knee up towards their chest, repeat on both sides. +ve = PSIS remains level or moves superiorly.

Question 30

Describe how you would carry out the Yeoman's Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 30

SIJ joint issues. Patient prone, passively flex the knee to 90* and extends the hip by pulling the leg up and applying a counterpressure on the patients' pelvis. +ve = pain in SIJ

Question 31

Describe how you would carry out the Seated Flexion Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 31

SIJ dysfunction Patient seated with arms crossed, therapist behind with thumbs on PSIS. Ask patient to flex forward bringing their elbows to the floor. +ve = unsymmetrical or limited movement of PSIS.

Question 32

Describe how you would carry out the Standing Flexion Test and what a positive diagnoses indicates:

Answer 32

SIJ dysfunction Patient standing feet shoulder width apart and therapist behind with thumbs on PSIS. Ask patient to flex forward bringing their elbows towards the floor. +ve = unsymmetrical or limited movement of PSIS.

Question 33

What is the Q-Angle?

Answer 33

The direction and magnitude of force produced by the quadriceps muscle.

Question 34

How does the Q-Angle differ between genders?

Answer 34

Women ~18* Men ~13*