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Sarah - Dermatohistopathology > Special stains and IHC > Flashcards

Special stains and IHC Flashcards

1
Q

Which stain can be used to assess the basement membrane?

A

Periodic acid Schiff

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2
Q

Ziehl-Neelson staining can detect mycobacteria and which other weakly acid fast organisms?

A

Rhodococcus equi and Nocardia Spp

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3
Q

Which part of a fungus does Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) specifically stain?

A

Polysaccharide components of the fungal cell wall

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4
Q

What does Mayer’s Mucicarmine stain?

A

Polysaccharides on the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans and mucins.

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5
Q

What is Gomori’s One-Step Trichrome stain used for?

A

For distinguishing collagen and smooth muscle fibers

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6
Q

What is Masson’s Trichrome stain used for?

A

Used for distinguishing cells from surrounding connective tissue which has several variants and is probably the trichrome most used in histopathology. Black nuclei, red cytoplasm (including muscle), blue or green collagen (including fine fibers), cartilage and mucus

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7
Q

What is Russel-Movat Pentachrome stain used for?

A

Used for simultaneous demonstration of muscle, elastic fibers, collagen/reticular fibers, ground substance and fibrinoid in tissues

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8
Q

What are Oil Red O and Sudan Black B stains used for?

A

Used for staining lipids in frozen sections and some lipoproteins on paraffin sections.

Lipids, including triglycerides (which necessarily are neutral). Oil Red O stains only the most hydrophobic lipids (triglycerides and cholesterol esters). Sudan Black B stains these and also phospholipids and sphingomyelins, which are less hydrophobic

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9
Q

What is Orcein stain used for?

A

Used for staining elastic fibers

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10
Q

What is Lendrum’s Method (Picro-Mallory Stain) used for?

A

For staining fibrin

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11
Q

What does Congo Red stain show?

A

Amyloid deposits

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12
Q

What is Masson-Fontana stain used for?

A

Used for the detection of melanin

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13
Q

What is Alcian Blue stain used for?

A

Used in identifying mucins and glycosaminoglycans e.g. hyaluronic acid

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14
Q

Which inflammatory cell stains with Giemsa Stain?

A

Mast cells

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15
Q

What are the Brown-Hopps and Brown-Brenn stains?

A

Modifications of the Gram stain and are used for demonstration of Gram-negative bacteria and rickettsia

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16
Q

Which special stain can be used to identify Leishmania?

A

Giemsa

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17
Q

What type of molecule does PAS stain?

A

Mucopolysaccharides, especially glycogen

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18
Q

What does Verhoff von Gieson stain?

A

It is a silver stain used to demonstrate and evaluate the quantity and quality of tissue elastic fibers. Positive staining is perceived as black.

19
Q

What colour do Mycobacteria stain with Ziehl-Neelson?

A

Red

20
Q

Smooth muscle and keratin stain pink-red, collagen stains blue-green, and elastic fibers appear black with which special stain?

A

Masson’s Trichrome

21
Q

How do you differentiate Langerhans from dermal dendritic cells? Both stain for IBA1 on IHC

A

Langerhans cells are CD204 -ve and E-cadherin +ve

Dermal dendritic cells show variable CD204 staining and are E-cadherin -ve

22
Q

Which cells are CD3 +ve?

A

T cells

23
Q

Which cells are CD20 +ve?

A

B cells (some cross over reported with neoplastic T cells in epitheliotropic lymphoma)

24
Q

Which cells stain with CD79a?

A

B cells

25
Q

Which cells are vimentin +ve?

A

Vimentin is present in cells of mesenchymal origin and in mesenchymal derived tumours such as lymphomas, sarcomas and melanomas

26
Q

IHC to detect CD18 and MHC class II was equally effective in staining histiocytomas, although lymphosarcoma must be ruled out through the use of ____ and ____ IHC

A

CD3 and CD79a

27
Q

Which markers can be used for IHC to identify melanomas?

A

Melan-A, PNL-2, TRP-1 (tyrosine related protein), and TRP-2

28
Q

Pancytokeratin is an IHC marker for which type of cells?

A

Epithelial cells

29
Q

In pagetoid reticulosis, are T cells alpha-beta or gamma-delta positive?

A

All are gamma-delta positive

30
Q

Which IHC stains can be used to identify B cells?

A

CD79a, CD20, Pax5

31
Q

Name two neural crest cell markers

A

S-100 and neuron specific enolase (NSE)

32
Q

What can you use to help assess cell morphology in highly pigmented melanocytes?

A

Bleach

33
Q

Name three prognostic IHC markers for melanomas

A
  1. FoxP3 and IDO
  2. MCAM/CD146
  3. C-kit receptor
  4. Nuclear survivin
  5. COX-2
  6. Ki67
34
Q

Name four plasma cell markers

A 
CD79a
CD20
CD18 
Immunoglobulin kappa light chains
MUM1/IRF4
35
Q

Other than plasmacytomas, which other tumour can be positive for MUM1/IRF4?

A

Histiocytoma

36
Q

Histiocytoma in dogs stains with which markers?

A

CD1a
CD11c/CD18
E-cadherin (specific to Langerhans cells)
Iba1

37
Q

Iba1 is marker for which cell lineage?

A

Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells in dogs and cats

38
Q

How many mitotic figures PHPF are in grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 (Patnaik) MCTs?

A

Grade 1 = 0
Grade 2 = 0-2
Grade 3 = 3-6

39
Q

How many mitoses PHPF are in low and high grade (Kiupel) MCTs?

A 
Low = <7 in 10 HPF
High = at least 7 in 10 HPF
40
Q

What IHC markers can be used for MCTs?

A

Mast cell tryptase

CD117/c-kit

41
Q

Which cytokeratins can help distinguish SCC from basosquamous variants in dogs?

A

Cytokeratin 6 and 10

42
Q

Weibel-Palade bodies are specific markers for which cells?

A

Endothelial cells

43
Q

Cytokeratin positive; CK7/8 (CAM 5.2) and CK13 are relatively specific markers for which type of epithelia?

A

Glandular

44
Q

Name macrophage IHC markers

A

CD68
MAC 387
Lysozyme

Sarah - Dermatohistopathology (6 decks)

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