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Special stains Flashcards

Learn special stains for veterinary dermatopathology

1
Q

What does Alcian Blue stain for?

A

Mucins (glycosaminoglycans).

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2
Q

What stains could you use to detect mucin?

A

Alcian Blue, Mucicarmine, colloidal iron.

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3
Q

What does PAS stain?

A

Carbohydrate macromolecules (glycogen & glycoprotein). Can also stain basal layer, collagen & primary cells.

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4
Q

What stain is suitable to detect Noscardia and Rhodococus equi?

A

Ziehl-Neelsen stain/ Acid fast.

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5
Q

What stains should be used to detect Mycobacterium?

A

1)Ziehl-Neelsen
2) Modified Acid fast (Fite-Faraco).

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6
Q

What does Gomori’s stain help visualise?

A

Collagen & smooth muscle fibres.

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7
Q

What does Masson’s Trichome stain?

A

Muscle, collagen fibres, fibrin & erythrocytes.

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8
Q

What stains can be used for collagen?

A

Gomori’s, Masson’s Trichome, Van Gieson,PAS.

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9
Q

What stain is specific for collagen?

A

Van Gieson.

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10
Q

What stain can be used to visualise elastic fibres?

A

Orcein or Verhoeff-Van Gieson. Review Mannolis lecture for specific ans.

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11
Q

What stain is used to visualise eosinophils?

A

Luna stain.

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12
Q

What colour does calcium deposits stain on VK stain?

A

Brown/black.

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13
Q

What stain can be used to visualise calcium deposits?

A

Von Kossa stain.

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14
Q

What colour does Alcian blue (at pH 2.5) stain mucin?

A

Blue-green.

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15
Q

What colour does mucicarmine stain mucin?

A

Red.

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16
Q

Can PAS be used to stain mucin?

A

No; PAS stains neutral mucopolysarrharides but doesn’t stain mucin.

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17
Q

What colour does PAS stain fungi?

18
Q

What stain is better for screening for infectious/fungal disease GMS or PAS and why?

A

GMS is better because some fungal-like organisms (e.g Pythium) stain poorly with PAS but do stain with GMS.

19
Q

What colour does Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain fungi?

20
Q

What stain can be used to confirm melanin?

A

Fontana-Masson.

21
Q

What stains could you use to visualise Prototheca spp.

A

Gridely, GMS, PAS.

22
Q

What stains could you use to visualise Chlorella spp.

A

Gridely, GMS, PAS.

23
Q

What stains can be used to better visualise mast cells?

A

Toludine Blue & Giemsa.

24
Q

What colour does Masson Trichome stain
a) normal collagen?
b) abnormal collagen?

A

a) Blue.
b) Uneven & may have a red core.

25
What do the spherules stain for in Myospherulosis?
Endogenous peroxidase.
26
What stain is used to visualise amyloid? What colour dose it stain amyloid under crossed polarised light?
Congo red. Apple-green birefringence seen under crossed polarized light
27
Is Nocardia acid fast?
Yes, at least partially (appear pink when stained).
28
Is Actinomycetes acid fast?
No.
29
What special stain could be used to differentiate Nocardiosis from Actinomycetes
Fite-Faraco/ modified acid fast.
30
What can potentially increase acid fast staining intensity of Mycobacteria of formalin fixed specimens
1) Using a modified acid-fast stain vs a routine one. 2) Frozen formalin fixed specimens may stain more intensely.
31
What is the Brown Brenn stain used for?
Bacteria.
32
If you suspect Porcine Ear Necrosis syndrome what special stain should you consider?
Silver stains such as modified Steiner to visualise spirochetes.
33
If you suspect Bartonella what special stain should you consider?
Silver stains such as Warthin-Starry.
34
Why does Pythium poorly stain with PAS?
It does not produce chitin.
35
What stain is best to visualise Leishmania organisms?
Giemsa.
36
What immunohistochemical stain would you use to confirm a fibrosarcoma?
Vimentin positive.
37
Can you use the antibodies against vimentin, S-100 and neuron-specific enolase for conformation of a melanocytic tumour?
No, whilst they are sensitive for these tumours they are not specific and react with other tumour types.
38
What immunohistochemical stains can you use if you suspect a melanocytic tumour?
Melan-A, SOX-10, PNL2, TRP-1 and TRP-2 antibodies.
39
What colour does keratin stain with the following stains: 1) H&E. 2) Mallory. 3) Ayoub-Shklar. 4) Modified Papanicolaou. 5) Gram. 6) Congo-red. 7) Alcian blue.
1) Pink. 2) Orange. 3) Brilliant orange. 4) Magenta red. 5) Blue. 6) Orange-red. 7) Blue.
40

Histopath (2 decks)

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