Special Stains Flashcards
1
Q
Special stains for glycogen
A
Periodic Acid Schiff
2
Q
Special stain for Glycogen, Mast Cell Granules, Fibrin And Mucin
A
Best Carmine Method
3
Q
Special Stain for Glycogen, and amyloid
A
Langhan’s Iodine Method
4
Q
Special stain for glycosaminoglycans
A
Metachromatic Staining- Azure A
Metachromatic Toluidine Blue
5
Q
Special stain for acid mucin
A
Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron Technique
6
Q
Special stain for Acid Mucopolysaccharide
A
Alcian Blue Technique
7
Q
Special stain for differentiate Acid Mucin from Neutral Mucin
A
Combined Alcian Blue-pas-hematoxylin Technique
8
Q
Special stain: Encapsulated fungi: C. Neoformans
A
Southgate’s Mucicarmine Technique
9
Q
Sulfated Mucins
A
Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin
10
Q
Carbohydrate: Mucin
A
Mucicarmine Stain
11
Q
Carbohydrate: Acid Mucin And Mucopolysaccharide
A
Fluorescent Acridine Orange Technique
12
Q
used for the demonstration of glycogen specially when it uses the Diastase Method; may also stain
Mucoproteins, Mucin, Carbohydrates, Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, Unsaturated Lipids and Phospholipids. (+Red)
A
Periodic Acid Schiff
13
Q
has a good affinity to glycogen (bright red) due to alkaline carminic acid ; weakly stains mast cell granules, fibrin and mucin
A
Best Carmine method
14
Q
obsolete stain, not specific for glycogen, rapid but tends to fade after a few months
A
Langhan’s Iodine Method
15
Q
gives a red-purple stain
A
Metachromatic Staining- Azure A metachromatic techniques and Metachromatic Toluidine blue
16
Q
most popular method for acid mucin (+Blue)
A
Alcian Blue Technique
17
Q
Neutral mucins are stained by PAS while acid mucin are stained by Alcian blue
A
Combined Alcian Blue-PAS-Hematoxylin technique
18
Q
demonstrates sulfated mucins, staining it purple
A
Gomori’s Aldehyde Fuchsin
19
Q
demonstrates mucin by adding aluminum hydroxide to carmine. (+) red
A
Mucicarmine stain
20
Q
absorbed onto tissue containing acid mucin at low ph, and visualized by it’s conversion to
ferric cyanide.
A
Colloidal (Dialyzed) Iron technique
21
Q
gives selective brilliant orange fluorescence. It is temporary and lasts for 2 hours once it is
mounted
A
Fluorescent Acridine Orange technique
22
Q
STAINING OF PROTEINS: Basic proteins : Protamines & Histones
A
Alkaline Fast Green
23
Q
Proteins: Cystine and Cysteine
A
Peracetic Acid-Alcian Blue
24
Q
Proteins: Sakaguchi’s Test
A
Arginine
25
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: most sensitive
Sudan black
26
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Triglycerides
Sudan IV (Scharlach R)
27
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Triglycerides
Sudan IV (Scharlach R)
28
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS: Fats
Oil Red O
29
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS :
Neutral Fats
Cholestrin Esters
Cholestrin Fatty Acids
Cerebrosides
Fatty Acids
Soap
Nile Blue Stain
30
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Unsaturated Fats
Osmic Acid Stain
31
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Sulfatide deposits
Toluidine Blue
Acetone Method
32
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Gangliosides
Borohydride Periodic Schiff
33
STAINING OF FATS OR LIPIDS : Cholesterol
Perchloric acid-napthoquinone
34
Intensified and preserved w/ addition of Benzoic Acid
Sudan IV
35
Unstable oxide used as fixative for EM and Histochemistry
Osmic Acid
36
Differentiates lipid by its oxazone; Red(Neutral Lipids), Blue (Basic Lipids)
Nile Blue Sulfate:
37
aka Bodian and Lake
Toluidine Blue
38
STAINING OF ENZYME: Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Gomori - Calcium Method
39
STAINING OF ENZYME: Acid Phosphatase
Gomori - Lead method
40
STAINING OF ENZYME : Lead Method for 5-nucleotidase
Wachstein & Meissel
41
STAINING OF ENZYME: Nonspecific esterase
Alpha napthyl acetate method
Indoxyl Acetate Method
42
Staining of enzyme: Monoamine Oxidase
Tetrazolium Method
43
Staining of enzyme: Monoamine Oxidase
Tetrazolium Method
44
Staining of enzyme: (+) brownish- black
Gomori Calcium
45
Staining of enzyme: (+) black precipitate.
Gomori Lead
46
Staining of enzyme: (+) blackish-brown deposit. For unfixed free floating cryostat sections. Prefixed sections are not preferred due to loss
of enzyme activity
Wachstein & Meissel
47
Staining of Enzyme : reddish brown color due to alpha naphthol with diazonium salt which produces insoluble dye at the site of
enzyme.
Alpha-naphthyl acetate
48
Staining of enzyme: uses bromo-indoxyl acetate producing bromoindoxyl and oxidized to an insoluble azo dye giving the
enzyme activity blue
Indoxyl acetate ( Holt & Withers )
49
Staining of enzyme: uses unfixed cryostat sections.
uses demonstrated by oxidized tetra nitro-blue tetrazolium giving the activity
(+) bluish black color.
Tetrazolium method
50
STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Glycol Methacrylate Section
Rapid Toluidine-Eosin Stain
51
STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Improves Staining Of Cytoplasmic Granules
Wright’s-Giemsa-Jenner stain
52
STAINING OF BONE MARROW AND BLOOD ELEMENTS: Myeloid Cells Except Basophils
Peroxidase Reaction
53
combination of Romanowsky stain w/ other stain
Wright’s-Giemsa-Jenner Stain
54
(+) green to dark blue granules
(-) Basophil, Lymphocytes, Erythroblasts
Peroxidase reaction
55
STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Reticulin fibers
Gomori’s Silver Impregnation
Gordon’s and Sweets
Van Gieson
56
STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Stains collagen
Van Gieson
57
STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Stains collagen fibers
Masson's Trichrome Stain
58
Staining of connnective tissue: For Elastic Fibers
Weigert’s Elastic Tissue Stain
Weigert’s Resorcin-fuchsin
Orcein (Taenzer-unna-orcein Method
59
STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Rapid Method For Staining Elastic Fibers, Fibrin And Amyloid
Kraijan's Method
60
STAINING OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE: Amyloid
Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid
Hematoxin(PTAH) Method
Highman’s Congo Red
Alkaline Congo Red Technique
Kraijan’s Amyloid Stain (Modified Bennhold
Method)
Methyl Violet-crystal Violet Method
Induced Fluorescent Staining With
Thioflavine T
Sirius Red
61
simplest method of differential staining of collagen; demonstrates CT
Van Gieson’s–
62
natural vegetable dye from lichens, used mainly in dermatology due to its ability to demonstrate fine and delicate fibers
Orcein
63
stain for both CNS and general tissue structures
Mallory’s PTAH method
64
Method of choice for Amyloid
Alkaline Congo Red
65
uses ultraviolet or Quart iodine lamps for demonstration; used as a screening method;
does not require microscopic differentiation
Induced Fluorescent Staining w/ Thioflavine T
66
Nuclear DNA stain
Feulgen's Technique
67
Stain for DNA and RNA
Methyl Green-Pyronin Method
Acridine Orange Fluorescent Staining
68
most reliable and specific histochemical staining technique
Feulgen's technique
69
most commonly used fluorochrome technique for DNA (orange) and RNA (red) demonstration
Acridine Orange Fluorescent Training
70
STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Muscle Fiber and Collagen
Modified Gomori’s Trichrome
71
STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Muscle, Neuroglia, Myelin and Collagen
Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)
72
Staining of muscle and bone: Muscle striations, Mitochondria, Myelin & Chromatin
Heidenhain’s Iron Hematoxylin
73
Staining of muscle and bone: Muscle and Bone
Lissamine Fast Red – Tartrazine Method
74
STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Bones: Lacunae, Canaliculi,& Bone Matrix
Schmorl’s Picro Thionine Method
75
STAINING OF MUSCLE AND BONE: Osteoblast and Osteoclast
Goldner’s Method Bone Cells
76
resistant to fading if the section is washed well in running tap water after differentiation to remove all
traces of iron alum
Heidenhain’s Iron Hematoxylin
77
Routine staining method of choice in bone histology
Lissamine Fast Red-Tartrazine Method
78
staining may be intensified by adding one to two drops of conc. ammonia before use
Schmorl’s Picro Thionine Method
79
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Neurons, Axons, and
Neurofibrils
Bielchowsky Technique
80
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Myelin sheath
Weigert Pal Technique
Weil’s Method
81
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Myelin
Kluver & Barrera Luxol Fast stain w/ Nissl Counterstain
Luxol Fast Blue – H&E stain
Luxol Fast Blue – PAS Hematoxylin Stain
Page’s Solochrome Cyanine Technique
82
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Nissl substance, Neurons
Cresyl Fast Violet
83
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytes, Nerve Cells &
Nerve Fibers Cajal’s
Gold Sublimate
84
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytic Processes
Modified Holzer’s Method
85
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Astrocytes
Modified PTAH stain
86
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Neural Tissues
Sevier Munger Technique
87
STAINING OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Nerve Fibers & Nerve Endings
Bodian’s Stain
88
pioneered the current staining methods for axons and neuronal processes
Bielchowsky
89
are used for demonstration of Neuritic plaques and Neurofibrillary tangles for patients with
Alzheimer’s Disease
Bodian’s Stain and Sevier-Munger
90
should only be performed under a fume hood due to the hazardous nature of aniline
Modified Holzer’s
91
stain for metallic impregnation made up of HgCl2 and AuCl3
Cajal’s Gold Sublimate
92
Hemosiderin
Perl's Prussian Blue
Tumbull's Blue Reaction
93
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Lipofuscin
Schmorl's Ferric Ferricyanide
Gomori's Aldehyde Fuchsin
94
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Iron Pigments
Gomori's Prussian Blue
95
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Hemoglobin & Oxidase Granules
Benzidine Nitro russide Stain
96
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Bile
Schmorl's Ferric Ferricyanide
Modified Fouchet's Technique
97
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Calcium
Alizarin Red S
Von Kossa's Silver Nitrate Method
98
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Copper
Rubeanic Acid
Modified Rhodamine
Lindquist's Modified Rhodamine
99
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Thyroid Colloid and Argentaffin
Schmorl's Ferric Ferricyanide
100
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Melanin and argentaffin
Masson Fontana Technique
101
STAINNG OF TISSUE PIGMENTS AND DEPOSITS Skeletal system in Embryos & Fetuses
Calcium Dye Lake Reaction
102
demonstration of circulatory system thru intravital staining
Prussian Blue
103
Rarely used since ferrous is less common than ferric ion
Turnbull's blue reaction
104
highly carcinogenic
Benzidine Nitroprusside stain
105
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS: Bacteria
Grain Twort Stain
Brown & Brenn
Rapid Giemsa
Modified Steiner & Steiner Technique
106
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Helicobacter
Toluidine Blue Stain
Cresyl Violet Acetate Method
107
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS H. pylori
Gimenez Method
Toluidine Blue in Sorenson's Buffer
108
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Spirochete
Modified Steiner and Steiner Technique
Levaditi's
Warthin-Starry Method
Rapid Giemsa
109
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Nocardia
Brown and Brenn Method
Wade Fite Technique
110
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Fungi
Modified Steiner and Steiner Method
Grocott Methamine Silver
111
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Actinomyces
Brown and Brenn
112
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS AFB
Ziehl Neelsen Method
113
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Mycobacteria
Auramine-Rhodamine Fluorescent Method
More sensitive but fades after prolonged exposure to UV Iight
114
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS M. Leprae
Wade Fite Technique
115
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS L. Pneumophilia
Dieterle Method
116
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Donovan Bodies
Modified Steiner and Steiner Method
117
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Diptheria
Bismark Brown
118
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Viral Inclusions
Lendrum's Phloxine - Tartrazine Method
119
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Leshmania, Malaria & Trypanosomes, Inclusion Conjuncvitis & Toxplasma
Rapid giemsa - differentiates WBC
120
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Filamentous and Non-Filamentous Bacteria
Modified Steiner
121
STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS Rickettsia and Viral Inclusion
Macchiavello's Stain
122
Demonstration deposits of calcium salts & possible sites of phosphates activities
Acridine red 3B
123
Cytoplasmic stain for counterstaining of epithelial sections
Aniline Blue
124
For deep staining of acid fast organisms
Main constituent of Feulgen's & Schiff's for aldehyde detection
Basic Fuchsin
125
Act as a basic dye & staining acidic substances
Mayer’s Carmalum solution
126
Recommended for routine staining of fixed sections
Celestine Blue
127
Best known as indicator stain for axis cylinders in embryos
Congo Red
128
Nuclear stain for staining amyloid in frozen sections and platelets in blood
Crystal violet
129
Staining solution formed by mixture of crystal violet, methyl violet & dextrin
Gentian violet
130
For microscopic study of starch granules, amyloid, cellulose, starch & carotenes
Iodine
131
Decolorizer and contrast stain for ascaris eggs, rbcs, bacterial spore stain
Malachite green
132
Metachromatic dye formed whenever methylene blue is heated
Methylene violet
133
For observing cell granules and vacuoles of phagocytic cells
Neutral red
134
Used as substitute for carbol fuchsin in acid fast staining
Night blue
135
Used as contrast stain to acid fuchsin
may be used as stain, fixative, and decalcifying agen
Picric acid
136
Used with osmic acid to fix & stain blood and glandular tissues
Rhodamine B
137
For identification of spirochetes, reticulum & other fiber stain
-most commonly used agent for impregnation
Silver nitrate
138
Used as substitute for thionine in fresh frozen tissues
For staining of nissle granules or chromophilic bodies -acts as metachromatic and Supravital stain
Toluidine blue
139
Demonstration of neuroglia in frozen section
Victoria Blue
