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Anatomy Module 9 > Special Senses hearing > Flashcards

Special Senses hearing Flashcards

0
Q

conducts soundsto tympanic memb

A

External acoustic meatus

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1
Q

collects sounds

A

Auricle

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2
Q

Consists of single elastic cartilage which is continuous w/ cartilage of ext acoustic meatusContains hair,sweat/sebaceous glands

A

Auricle

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3
Q

no cartilage, can be pierced for earring

A

Lobule

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4
Q

External acoustic meatus extend from concha to

A

Tympanic membrane

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5
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

A

S shape 2.5 cm long

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6
Q

External Acoustic Meatus

Composition

A

Lateral/3 = cartilage

-Medial 2/3 = bony

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7
Q

Infants

A

Pure cartilage

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8
Q

External Acoustic MeatusLateral partLined w/ skinContents

A

Hair follicles
Sebaceous gl
Ceruminous gl
•prod cerumen

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9
Q

External medial part

A

Lined w/ thin skin

Isthmus= constricted part

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10
Q

External Acoustic Meatus>Arterial supply

A

1] Post auricular branch of external carotid artery
2] Deep auricular branch ofmaxillary artery
3] Auricular br of superficial temporal artery

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11
Q

External acoustic meatus venous drainage

A

1] External jugular vein
2] Maxillary vein
3] Pterygoid plexus

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12
Q

External Acoustic MeatusNerve supply

A

1] Auriculotempral n fr CN V
2] Tympanic plexus fr CN VII
3] Auricular branch fr CN X

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13
Q

When doing otoscopic exam, know the

A

Anatomy of external acoustic meatus

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14
Q

Pull the ear

A

Superiorly
Posteriorly
Laterally

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15
Q

Thin, semitransparent,oval membrane
Medial end of EAM
Separates external from middle ear

A

Tymphanic membrane

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16
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Oblique and slopes inferomedially

Pearly gray and shiny

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17
Q

Fr umbo, bright area emanates called

A

Cone of light

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18
Q

Vibrations are transmitted from TM by auditory ossicles through the

A

Middle ear to internal ear

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19
Q

Concavity toward the meatus w/ a central depression, umbo, formed by handle of malleus

A

Tympanic membrane

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20
Q

Tympanic MembraneArterial Supply

A

Maxillary artery

Deep auricular a -Posterior auricular a-Tympanic branch

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21
Q

Tympanic membrane venous drainage

A

External jugular vein

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22
Q

Tympanic membrane nerve supply

A

Auriculotemporal n [CN V3

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23
Q

Deafness-Etiology:> Foreign Bodies> Infection> Excessive Pressure as in scuba diving

A

Perforation of TM

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24
Q

During PE of tympanic membrane pull the auricle

A

Superiorly
Posteriorly
Laterally

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25
Q

Narrow cavity in petrous part of temporal bone

A

Middle ear

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26
Q

Middle ear contents

A

Auditory ossiscles
Stapedius
Tensor tympani
Chorda tympani n

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27
Q

Middle ear connections anterior

A

Nasopharynx

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28
Q

Middle ear connections, postero superior

A

Mastoid antrum

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29
Q

formed by tegmen tympani

-separates ME fr dura

A

Roof or tegmental

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30
Q

formed by bone

-sep ME fr int jugular vein

A

Floor or jugular

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31
Q

formed by tymp membr

A

Lateral or membranous

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32
Q

Semicircular ducts and cochlea

-sep ME from inner ear-2 small windows

A

Medial or labirynthine

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33
Q

closed by base of stapes

-through this window, vibrations of stapes are transmitted to inner ear

A

Fenestra vestibuli

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34
Q

closed by a secondary TM

-allows perilymph to move in response to impulses

A

Fenestra cochlea

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35
Q

leads to mastoid antrum via an opening, aditus

A

Posterior or mastoid

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36
Q

pyramidal eminence contains the stapedius mm

A

Posterior or mastoid

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37
Q

Interior or Carotid wall2 openings w/c connects

A

1] w/ canal occupied by tensor tympani

2] w/ nasopharynx thru auditory tube

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38
Q

Funnel shaped

Connects NP to middle ear

A

Auditory tube

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39
Q

Auditory tube measurement

A

3.5 to 4.0 cm long

1/3 bone, 2/3 cartilage

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40
Q

Auditory tube Equalize pressure in middle ear w/

A

ATM pressure

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41
Q

Auditory tube arterial supply

A

1]Ascending pharyngeal a
2]middle meningeal art
3] artery of pterygoid canal

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42
Q

Auditory tube venous drainage

A

Pterygoid plexus

43
Q

Auditory tube nerve supply

A

Tympanic plexus[CN VII and IX

44
Q

Ear bones
Form a chain across middle ear
From TM to oval window
Function: Increase the force but decrease amplitude of vibrations transmitted fr TM

A

Auditory ossicles

45
Q

Auditory ossicles consist of

A

1] MALLEUS
2] INCUS
3] STAPES

46
Q

Part of malleus

rounded superior partlies in epitympanic recessarticulates w/ incus

A

Head

47
Q

Part of malleus

lies vs flaccid part of TMwhere chorda tympani nerve crosses

A

Neck

48
Q

Part of malleus

embedded in TMwhere tendon of tensor tympani inserts

A

Handle

49
Q

Part of incus

Artic w/ head of malleus

A

Body

50
Q

Part of incus

Artic w/ stapes

A

Long process

51
Q

Part of incus

Connected to tympanic cavity by a ligament

A

Short process

52
Q

Part of incus

Artic w/ head of stapes

A

Lenticular process

53
Q

Part of stapes

fits into oval window

A

Base

54
Q

Part of stapes

artic w/ lenticular proc of incus

A

Head

55
Q

2 cm longOrigins

-cartilaginous part of auditory tube-greater wing of sphenoid bone-petrous part of tempbone

A

Tensor tympani

56
Q

Insertion of tensor tympani

A

Handle of malleus

57
Q

Nerve supply of tensor tympani

A

Mandibular n [CN V3

58
Q

Action of tensor tympani

A

pulls handle of malleus thus tenses TM
reduces amplitude of oscillations
prevents damage to int ear when exposed to loud sounds

59
Q

STAPEDIUSOrigin

A

Pyramidal eminence

60
Q

Insertion of stapedius

A

Neck of stapes

61
Q

Nerve supply of stapedius

A

Nerve to stapedius [CN VII

62
Q

Action of stapedius

A

Reduces oscillatory range

-Prevents excessive movement of stapes

63
Q

Contains the vestibulocochlear organConc w/ reception of sound and maintenance of balance

A

Internal ear

64
Q

In petrous part of temporal boneConsists of sacs and ducts of membranous labyrinth

A

Internal ear

65
Q

Membranous sys contains endolymph and end organs for hearing and balance

A

Internal ear

66
Q

surrounded by perilymph

-suspended within bony labyrinth

A

Membranous labirynth

67
Q

Bony labirynth consist of

A
  1. Cochlea
  2. Vestibule
  3. Semicircular canals
68
Q

Shell like

Contains the cochlear duct

A

Cochlea

69
Q

apex

A

Cupula

70
Q

Shelf of bone

A

Osseous spiral lamina

71
Q

att to osl

A

Basilar membrane

72
Q

conc w/ auditory perception

A

Organ of corti

73
Q

opens into vestibule

A

Scala vestibuli

74
Q

related to tympanic cavity at fenestra cochlea

A

Scala tympani

75
Q

Oval bony chamberAbout 5 mmContains utricle and saccule, w/c are parts of balancing apparatus

A

Vestibule

76
Q

Vestibule continuous

A
  1. Anteriorly w/ cochlea

2. Posteriorly w/ SCC

77
Q

Bony canals w/c open into vestibuleSet at right angles to each other

A

Semicircular canals

78
Q

Semi circular canal

About 1.5 mm diam except at swelling called

A

Ampulla

79
Q

Semicircular canals three

A

AnteriorPosteriorLateral

80
Q

Sacs and ducts in cavities of bony labyrinthFollows the form of bony labyrinth but smallerContains watery fluid, endolymph

A

Membranous labirynth

81
Q

Membranous labirynth consist of

A

1] utricle and saccule2] 3 semicircular ducts3] cochlear duct

82
Q

Dilatations

With a specialized area of sensory epithelium,macula

A

Utricle

Saccule

83
Q

static organs for signaling position of the head in space

A

Macula

84
Q

in utricle

A

Macula utriculi

85
Q

in saccule

A

Macula sacculi

86
Q

Semicircular Ducts Each duct has an extension containing sensory area

A

Crista ampullaris

87
Q

Hairs of cristae are supplied by primary sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in

A

Vestibular ganglion

88
Q

Sensors of movement

A

Crista ampullaris

89
Q

Spiral, blind tube firmly fixed to cochlear canal by spiral ligament

A

Cochlear duct

90
Q

receptor of auditory stimuli= contains hair cells that respond to vibrations induced in the endolymph by sound waves

A

Spiral organ of corti

91
Q

Cochlear duct roof

A

Vestibular membrane

92
Q

Cohclear duct floor

A

Basilar membrane

93
Q

Bony Memb Sense organ

A

Cochlea Cochlear ductOrgan of Corti
SC canalSC duct Crista terminalis
VestibuleUtricle/SacculeMacula

94
Q

Narrow canal
Runs laterally for about 1 cm
Within petrous part of temporal bone
Closed laterally by a thin, perforated plate of bone that separates it from internal ear

A

Internal acoustic meatus

95
Q

Internal acoustic meatus through his plate pass

A

CN VII, VIII

96
Q

divides near lateral end of IAM into anterior cochlear portion and posterior vestibular portion

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

97
Q

Pathway of sound conduction

A 
Auricle
External acoustic meatus
Tympanic membrane
Ossicles [malleus,incus,stapes]Perilymph vibrations Cochlea
CN VIII
Brain
98
Q

Formation of spongy bone around stapes and fenestra vestibuli-May stop movement of base of stapes -Causes deafness

A

Otosclerosis

99
Q

Inflammation of middle ear -May spread to tegmen tympani -Causes inflammation of meninges

A

Otitis media

100
Q

Inflammation of external acoustic meatus-Movement of traguscauses pain bec cartilage in it is continuous w/ EAM

A

Otitis externa

101
Q

Forms a route through which infections pass from nasopharynx to middle ear
This tube is blocked by swelling of its mucous membrane Residual air in the tympanic cavity is absorbed into the mucosal blood vessels
Lowering of pressure in t.c., retraction of t.m.
Hearing reduced

A

Auditory tube

102
Q

Tympanic muscles have protective action
Dampen large vibrations of t.m. from loud noises
Paralysis of stapedius[lesion of CN VII] results in excessive hearing
Results from uninhibited movement of stapes

A

Hyperacusia

103
Q

Result fr infection of middle ear

During surgery, ENT shld not injure facial nerve

A

Mastoiditis

104
Q

Persistent exposure to loud sounds
Causes degenerative changes in spiral organat base of cochlea
Drill handlers, machine operators, tractor drivers

A

High tone deafness

105
Q

Injury to ear by an imbalance in pressure between surrounding air and air in middle ear
In fliers, divers, parachuters

A

Otic barotrauma

Anatomy Module 9 (1 decks)

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